Volume 17, Number 7—July 2011
Dispatch
Natural Burkholderia mallei Infection in Dromedary, Bahrain
Ulrich Wernery, Renate Wernery, Marina Joseph, Fajer Al-Salloom, Bobby Johnson, Joerg Kinne, Shanti Jose, Sherry Jose, Britta Tappendorf, Heidie Hornstra, and Holger Scholz
Table A1
Comparison of 23-locus VTNR data for 2 new isolates of Burkholderia mallei, THSK2 and Dubai 7, with data for previously published strains*
| Isolate |
Type of
animal |
Location |
Collection
year |
VNTR loci + |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20 |
389 |
397 |
857 |
933 |
1500 |
1690 |
1764 |
1788 |
1934 |
2050 |
2065 |
2170 |
2341 |
2356 |
2445 |
2666 |
2815 |
3091 |
3145 |
315k |
3564 |
3652 |
||||
| PRL1 | Donkey | Pakistan | 2002 | 9 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 6 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 17 | 12 | 18 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 23 | 23 | 6 |
| PRL2 | Horse (mare) | Pakistan | 1999 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 10 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 20 | 13 | 24 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 24 | 23 | 13 |
| PRL3 | Horse (gelding) | Pakistan | 2005 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 10 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 20 | 13 | 24 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 24 | 23 | 13 |
| PRL4 | Horse (gelding) | Pakistan | 2005 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 10 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 20 | 13 | 24 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 24 | 23 | 13 |
| PRL7 | Horse | Pakistan | 2000 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 8 | NA | 10 | 8 | 6 | NA | 26 | 10 | 25 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 19 | 23 | 12 |
| PRL11 | Horse | Pakistan | 1999 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 10 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 19 | 13 | 21 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 24 | 23 | 12 |
| PRL13 | Horse | Pakistan | 1999 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 10 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 19 | 13 | 21 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 24 | 23 | 12 |
| PRL19 | Horse (gelding) | Pakistan | 2005 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 10 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | NA | 13 | 24 | 3 | NA | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 24 | NA | 13 |
| PRL20 | Horse (gelding) | Pakistan | 2005 | 9 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 6 | NA | 10 | NA | 5 | NA | 17 | 12 | 18 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 23 | 23 | 6 |
| PRL33 | Donkey | Pakistan | 2007 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 10 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 19 | 13 | 21 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 24 | 23 | 12 |
| PRL34 | Donkey | Pakistan | 2007 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 10 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 20 | 13 | 24 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 24 | 23 | 13 |
| PRL41 | Mule | Pakistan | 2006 | 9 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 6 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 20 | 12 | 19 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 23 | 23 | 6 |
| PRL42 | Mule | Pakistan | 2007 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 8 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 18 | 9 | 26 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 14 | 23 | 11 |
| PRL44 | Mule | Pakistan | 2007 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 10 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 22 | 13 | 21 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 23 | 23 | 13 |
| PRL45 | Mule | Pakistan | 2007 | 10 | 6 | 13 | 11 | 8 | NA | 10 | 8 | 5 | NA | 18 | 9 | 26 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 14 | 23 | 11 |
| 200272 1280 | UNK | UNK | UNK | 11 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 14 | 4 | 7 | 15 | 5 | 19 | 17 | 7 | 22 | 3 | 7 | NA | 2 | 4 | NA | 9 | 19 | 16 | 15 |
| ATCC 23344 | NA (human) | China/ Burma | 1944 | 30 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 20 | 20 | 13 | NA | 3 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 24 | 21 | 4 |
| FMH | NA (human) | China/ Burma | UNK | 30 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 20 | 20 | 13 | NA | 3 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 24 | 21 | 4 |
| JHU | NA (human) | China/ Burma | UNK | 30 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 9 | NA | 5 | 20 | 20 | 12 | NA | 3 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 24 | 21 | 4 |
| GB8 Horse 4 | Horse | China/ Burma | UNK | 34 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 9 | NA | 5 | 20 | 20 | 13 | NA | 3 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 24 | 21 | 4 |
| NCTC 10247 | UNK | Turkey | 1960 | 10 | 7 | 17 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 9 | NA | 5 | 17 | 16 | 13 | 23 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 9 | 23 | 23 | 12 |
| NCTC 10229 | UNK | Hungary | 1961 | 12 | 12 | 17 | 10 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 16 | 6 | 18 | 20 | 9 | 14 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 10 | 29 | 23 | 14 |
| SAVP1 | UNK | India | UNK | 10 | NA | NA | NA | 5 | NA | 9 | 8 | 5 | NA | 21 | 11 | 23 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 15 | 23 | 9 |
| ATCC 10399 | Horse | China | 1942 | 19 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 4 | 9 | NA | 5 | 15 | 27 | 6 | 32 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 24 | 8 |
| THSK2 | Dromedary | Bahrain | 2010 | 18 | 5 | 13 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 5 | NA | 16 | 9 | 25 | NA | 7 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 21 | 14 |
| Dubai 7 | Horse | Dubai | 2004 | 19 | 5 | 13 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 5 | NA | 19 | 10 | 29 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 23 | 10 |
*For the 23 loci, data are given as repeat copy number. NA indicates no amplification (failures), likely because of mutations in the priming sites or incomplete sequencing of VNTR regions and does not necessarily indicate absence of a VNTR region. VNTR data for all strains except THSK2 and Dubai 7 from Hornstra et al. 2009 (10). VNTR, variable-number tandem repeat; UNK, unknown.
References
- Wittig MB, Wohlsein P, Hagen RM, Al Dahouk S, Tomaso H, Scholz HC, Glanders—a comprehensive review [in German]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2006;113:323–30.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Roberts H, Lopez M, Hancock R. International disease monitoring, April to June. Vet Rec. 2010;167:192–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wernery U. Glanders. In Mair TS, Hutchinson RE, editors. Infectious diseases of the horse. Fordham (UK): Equine Veterinary Journal, Ltd. 2009. p. 253–260.
- Samartsev AA, Arbuzov PN. The susceptibility of camels to glanders, rinderpest and bovine pleuropneumonia. Veterinaria (Mosk). 1940;4:59–63.
- Curasson G. Le chameau et ses maladies. Paris: Vigot Frères; 1947. p. 86–8.
- Equine disease surveillance, April to June 2010. Vet Rec. 2010;167:598–601.PubMed DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Sprague LD, Zachariah R, Neubauer H, Wernery R, Joseph M, Scholz HC, Prevalence dependent use of serological tests for diagnosing glanders in horses. BMC Vet Res. 2009;5:1–6.PubMed DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Gee JE, Sacchi CT, Glass MB, De BK, Weyant RS, Levett PN, Use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for rapid identification and differentiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:4647–54. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Godoy D, Randle G, Simpson AJ, Aanensen DM, Pitt TL, Kinoshita R, Multilocus sequence typing and evolutionary relationships among the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:2068–79. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hornstra H, Pearson T, Georgia S, Liguori A, Dale J, Price E, Molecular epidemiology of glanders, Pakistan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:2036–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Scholz HC, Joseph M, Tomaso H, Al Dahouk S, Witte A, Kinne J, Detection of the reemerging agent Burkholderia mallei in a recent outbreak of glanders in the United Arab Emirates by a newly developed fliP-based polymerase chain reaction assay. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;54:241–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Wernery R, Kinne J, Hayden-Evans J. Ul haq A. Melioidosis in a seven year old camel. A new disease in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Journal of Camel Practice and Research. 1997;4:141–3.
- Wernery U, Kaaden O-R. Infectious diseases in camelids, 2nd ed. Berlin: Blackwell Science; 2002. p. 91–7.
Page created: November 03, 2011
Page updated: November 03, 2011
Page reviewed: November 03, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.