Volume 17, Number 8—August 2011
Research
Incidence of Acute Gastroenteritis and Role of Norovirus, Georgia, USA, 2004–2005
Aron J. Hall
, Mariana Rosenthal, Nicole Gregoricus, Sharon A. Greene, Jeana Ferguson, Olga L. Henao, Jan Vinjé, Ben A. Lopman, Umesh D. Parashar, and Marc-Alain Widdowson
, Mariana Rosenthal, Nicole Gregoricus, Sharon A. Greene, Jeana Ferguson, Olga L. Henao, Jan Vinjé, Ben A. Lopman, Umesh D. Parashar, and Marc-Alain Widdowson
Table 2
Pathogens detected among fecal specimens submitted by outpatients, by age group, to Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Georgia, Inc., USA, March 15, 2004–March 13, 2005
| Pathogen | Age group, y, no. (%) positive |
Total, n = 572 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5, n = 81 | 5–15, n = 63 | 16–25, n = 47 | 26–45, n = 190 | 46–65, n = 135 | >65, n = 56 | ||
| Virus | 19 (23.5) | 5 (7.9) | 6 (12.8) | 14 (7.4) | 7 (5.2) | 2 (3.6) | 53 (9.3) |
| Norovirus | 6 (7.4) | 1 (1.6) | 3 (6.4) | 8 (4.2) | 7 (5.2) | 0 | 25 (4.4) |
| Astrovirus | 5 (6.2) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (1.6) | 0 | 0 | 10 (1.7) |
| Rotavirus | 4 (4.9) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 (1.2) |
| Sapovirus | 4 (4.9) | 0 | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.8) | 7 (1.2) |
| Adenovirus |
1 (1.2) |
1 (1.6) |
0 |
3 (1.6) |
0 |
1 (1.8) |
6 (1.0) |
| Bacteria | 8 (9.9) | 3 (4.8) | 3 (6.4) | 8 (4.2) | 8 (5.9) | 0 | 30 (5.2) |
| Clostridium difficile* | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.1) | 6 (3.2) | 7 (5.2) | 0 | 14 (2.4) |
| Salmonella spp. | 6 (7.4) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 (1.4) |
| Shigella spp. | 2 (2.5) | 1 (1.6) | 0 | 2 (1.1) | 0 | 0 | 5 (0.9) |
| Campylobacter spp. |
0 |
1 (1.6) |
1 (2.1) |
0 |
1 (0.7) |
0 |
3 (0.5) |
| Parasite† | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (2.1) | 4 (2.1) | 0 | 0 | 7 (1.2) |
| Giardia spp. | 0 | 1 (1.6) | 0 | 4 (2.1) | 0 | 0 | 5 (0.9) |
| Cryptosporidium spp. |
1 (1.2) |
1 (1.6) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 (0.3) |
| Multiple‡ |
3 (3.7) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 (0.7) |
0 |
4 (0.7) |
| Any pathogen |
26 (32.1) |
9 (14.3) |
10 (21.3) |
26 (13.7) |
15 (11.1) |
2 (3.6) |
88 (15.4) |
| Unidentified | 55 (67.9) | 54 (85.7) | 37 (78.7) | 164 (86.3) | 120 (88.9) | 54 (96.4) | 484 (84.6) |
*C. difficile testing performed on 161 (28.1%) of 572 total specimens; those not tested were classified as not positive.
†Parasite testing performed on 375 (65.6%) of 572 total specimens; those not tested were classified as not positive.
‡Combinations observed were Salmonella spp./norovirus, Salmonella spp./sapovirus, norovirus/sapovirus, and rotavirus/sapovirus.
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