Volume 17, Number 8—August 2011
Research
Incidence of Acute Gastroenteritis and Role of Norovirus, Georgia, USA, 2004–2005
, Mariana Rosenthal, Nicole Gregoricus, Sharon A. Greene, Jeana Ferguson, Olga L. Henao, Jan Vinjé, Ben A. Lopman, Umesh D. Parashar, and Marc-Alain Widdowson
Table 3
Estimated incidence of pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in community and outpatient settings, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Georgia, Inc., USA, March 15, 2004–March 13, 2005*
| Pathogen | Outpatient† |
Community‡ |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence (90% CI)§ | % Total | Incidence (90% CI)§ | % Total | ||
| Virus | 1,300 (750–2,200) | 24.1 | 11,000 (6,800–19,000) | 26.8 | |
| Norovirus | 640 (360–1,200) | 11.9 | 6,500 (3,700–12,000) | 15.9 | |
| Astrovirus | 270 (130–590) | 5.0 | 1,800 (880–3,400) | 4.4 | |
| Rotavirus | 150 (65–330) | 2.8 | 880 (400–1,700) | 2.1 | |
| Sapovirus | 110 (49–220) | 2.0 | 900 (420–1,800) | 2.2 | |
| Adenovirus |
120 (49–260) |
2.2 |
970 (410–2,100) |
2.4 |
|
| Bacteria | 240 (160–320) | 4.4 | 1,700 (1,100–2,300) | 4.1 | |
| Clostridium difficile | 96 (61–150) | 1.8 | 960 (590–1,500) | 2.3 | |
| Salmonella spp. | 69 (35–120) | 1.3 | 250 (130–440) | 0.6 | |
| Shigella spp. | 41 (17–85) | 0.8 | 200 (86–410) | 0.5 | |
| Campylobacter spp. |
31 (9–76) |
0.6 |
240 (71–590) |
0.6 |
|
| Parasite | 60 (29–110) | 1.1 | 420 (200–790) | 1.0 | |
| Giardia spp. | 43 (18–86) | 0.8 | 350 (150–720) | 0.9 | |
| Cryptosporidium spp. |
17 (4–48) |
0.3 |
68 (14–190) |
0.2 |
|
| Any pathogen |
1,600 (1,300–2,400) |
29.6 |
13,000 (10,000–20,000) |
31.7 |
|
| Unidentified |
3,800 (3,200–4,600) |
70.4 |
28,000 (23,000–34,000) |
68.3 |
|
| Total | 5,400 (4,400–6,700) | 100 | 41,000 (38,000–44,000) | 100 | |
*Incidence is per 100,000 person-years. Acute gastroenteritis is defined as diarrhea (>3 loose stools in a 24-h period) beginning within the past month and in the absence of a chronic disease for which diarrhea is a major sign. CI, credible interval.
†Outpatient incidence calculated from prevalence in fecal specimens sampled, age-adjusted fecal specimen submission rates among health care seekers, number of fecal specimens submitted to the Kaiser laboratory annually (1,825), and number of Kaiser memberships in Georgia (280,000).
‡Community incidence calculated from prevalence in fecal specimens sampled, age-adjusted medical care seeking and fecal specimen submission rates, number of fecal specimens submitted to the Kaiser laboratory annually (1,825) and total Kaiser memberships in Georgia (280,000).
§90% CI calculated from the 5th and 95th percentiles of 100,000 simulations, assuming a β distribution of variables.