Volume 18, Number 1—January 2012
Dispatch
Outbreak of Leptospirosis after Flood, the Philippines, 2009
Al-shere T. Amilasan1, Mugen Ujiie1, Motoi Suzuki
, Eumelia Salva, Maria Cecilia P. Belo, Nobuo Koizumi, Kumiko Yoshimatsu, Wolf-Peter Schmidt, Shane Marte, Efren M. Dimaano, Jose Benito Villarama, and Koya Ariyoshi
, Eumelia Salva, Maria Cecilia P. Belo, Nobuo Koizumi, Kumiko Yoshimatsu, Wolf-Peter Schmidt, Shane Marte, Efren M. Dimaano, Jose Benito Villarama, and Koya Ariyoshi
Table 2
Effects of therapeutic approaches on death from leptospirosis, San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, the Philippines, 2009
| Therapeutic factor | Total cases, n = 471* | Fatal cases, n = 51* | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk ratio | 95% CI | Risk ratio | 95% CI | ||||
| Days from onset to first antimicrobial drug therapy, n = 466 | 4.9 ± 2.6 | 5.6 ± 2.8 | 1.09 | 1.01–1.18 | 1.09† | 1.00–1.17 | |
| <7 | 351 (75.3) | 31 (63.3) | Reference | Reference | |||
| >7 | 115 (24.7) | 18 (36.7) | 1.77 | 1.03–3.05 | 1.76† | 1.03–3.01 | |
| First antimicrobial agent used, n = 469 | |||||||
| Penicillin G | 434 (92.5) | 47 (94) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Ceftriaxone | 10 (2.1) | 2 (4) | 0.79 | 0.26–2.42 | 0.62‡ | 0.16–2.38 | |
| Doxycycline | 9 (1.9) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Others | 16 (3.4) | 1 (2) | |||||
| Days from onset to admission† | 5.1 ± 2.6 | 5.7 ± 3.2 | 1.08 | 1.0–1.16 | 1.08† | 1.0–1.16 | |
| Rapid volume replacement therapy | |||||||
| Performed | 334 (70.9) | 46 (90.2) | 3.77 | 1.53–9.3 | 2.63§ | 0.6–11.4 | |
| Not performed | 137 (29.1) | 5 (9.8) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Diuretics | |||||||
| Used | 356 (75.6) | 46 (90.2) | 2.97 | 1.21–7.31 | 1.15§ | 0.31–4.23 | |
| Not used | 115 (24.4) | 5 (9.8) | Reference | Reference | |||
*Values are no. (%) or mean ± SD.
†Adjusted for age group (<30 or >30 y).
‡Adjusted for age group and duration from symptom onset to antimicrobial therapy initiation.
§Adjusted for age group and creatinine level.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
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