Volume 18, Number 11—November 2012
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, the Netherlands
, on behalf of the Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Sentinel Surveillance Laboratory Group
Table 3
Characteristics for persons with invasive pneumococcal disease before and after implementation of a PCV7 vaccination program, the Netherlands, June 2004–May 2010*
| All serotypes | PCV7 serotypes | Non–PCV7 serotypes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Before (n = 1,216)
|
After
(n = 1,144)
|
p value
|
|
Before(n = 565)
|
After
(n = 268)
|
p value
|
|
Before (n = 650)
|
After (n = 876)
|
p value
|
|
| Comorbidity | |||||||||||
|
Immunocompromising condition‡ |
216 (18) | 255 (22) | 0.013 | 88 (16) | 73 (27) | 0.001 | 128 (20) | 182 (21) | NS | ||
|
Any comobidity§ |
817 (67) | 788 (69) | NS | 376 (67) | 190 (71) | NS | 441 (68) | 598 (68) | NS | ||
| Disease course/outcome | |||||||||||
|
ICU admission |
258 (21) | 243 (21) | NS | 115 (20) | 60 (22) | NS | 143 (22) | 183 (21) | NS | ||
|
Length of hospital stay, median (IQR) |
11.0 (7.0–18.0) | 9.0 (5.0–16.0) | <0.001 | 11.0 (7.0–18.0) | 9.0 (5.0–15.0) | <0.001 | 11.0 (7.0–19.0) | 10.0 (5.0–16.0) | <0.001 | ||
|
Died |
194 (16) | 135 (12) | 0.003 | 92 (16) | 44 (16) | NS | 102 (16) | 91 (10) | 0.002 | ||
| Deaths/100,000 persons | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0.001 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.000 | 1.3 | 1.1 | NS | ||
*Cases are number of patients included in a study covering ≈25% of the Dutch population. Boldface, significant difference (p<0.05) between pre- and post-implementation period as calculated by χ2 test (% of cases), Mann-Whitney U test (median days of hospitalization), or incidence rate ratio (mortality rate). PCV7, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; NS, not significant (p>0.05).
†Data are no. (%) except as indicated in first column. Vaccination periods: before, pre-implementation period (June 2004–May 2006); after, late post-implementation period (June 2008–May 2010).
‡Immunocompromising condition: primary immunodeficiency, HIV/AIDS, lymphoma, leukemia, myeloma, solid organ or stem cell transplant, current immunosuppressive therapy for malignancy or autoimmune disease, asplenia/splenectomy, sickle cell disease, and renal insufficiency (dialysis required and nephrotic syndrome).
§Any comorbidity: malignancies (within previous 5 y) not considered to be immunocompromising; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; asthma; diabetes mellitus; myocardial infarction; coronary artery condition; stroke/transient ischemic attack; cardiomyopathy; heart failure; heart valve disease; presence of cerebral/abdominal/thoracic aneurysms; thyroid disease; liver disease; intravenous drug use; long-term alcohol abuse; cerebrospinal fluid leak; recent physical trauma/skull fracture; and, for children, premature birth (<37 weeks for children 0–1 y old and <32 weeks for children 0–4 y old).
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
2These authors contributed equally to this article.
3Additional members of the Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Sentinel Surveillance Laboratory Group are listed at the end of this article.
Members of the Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Sentinel Surveillance Laboratory Group: Karola Waar, Izore, Centre for Infectious Diseases Friesland, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Bert Mulder, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology Twente Achterhoek, Enschede, the Netherlands; Caroline Swanink, Department of Medical Microbiology and Medical Immunology Hospital Rijnstate, Arnhem, the Netherlands; Bram Diederen, Regional Laboratory of Public Health, Haarlem, the Netherlands; Niek Arents, Laboratory for Pathology and Medical Microbiology, Veldhoven, the Netherlands; Ine Frénay, Regional Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Dordrecht–Gorinchem, the Netherlands; Hans Wagenvoort, Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Bartelt de Jongh, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Lodewijk Spanjaard, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands