Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012
Research
A Spatial Analysis of Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Determinants of Malaria Incidence in Adults, Ontario, Canada
Table 3
Univariate analysis of travel and immigration and case–control and parasite species variables, Ontario, Canada, 2008–2009
Variable | Patients |
Parasite species |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case-patients | Controls | p value | Plasmodium falciparum | P. vivax | p value | ||
Neighborhood-level, mean % | |||||||
Residents who are immigrants from malaria-endemic Africa | 3.1 | 1.5 | <0.01* | 3.8 | 2.0 | 0.33* | |
Residents who are immigrants from malaria-endemic Asia | 15.5 | 7.2 | <0.01* | 12.4 | 20.8 | <0.01* | |
Individual level, no. | |||||||
Travel to malaria-endemic Africa | 36 | 27 | <0.01† | 35 | 1 | <0.01‡ | |
Travel to malaria-endemic Asia | 11 | 25 | 0.61† | 0 | 11 | <0.01‡ |
*Mann-Whitney test.
†χ2 test.
‡Fisher exact test.
1Current affiliation: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.