Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype e and f Disease, England and Wales
Shamez N. Ladhani
, Sarah Collins, Anna Vickers, David J. Litt, Carina Crawford, Mary E. Ramsay, and Mary P.E. Slack
, Sarah Collins, Anna Vickers, David J. Litt, Carina Crawford, Mary E. Ramsay, and Mary P.E. Slack
Table
Characteristics of patients with invasive Hie and Hif infections, England and Wales, 2009–2010*
| Characteristic | Hie, n = 33 | Hif, n = 99 | All, n = 132 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, y (IQR) | 62 (6–79) | 65 (46–77) | 65 (41–78) | 0.54 |
| Male sex | 17 (51.5) | 47 (47.5) | 64 (48.5) | 0.69 |
| Underlying conditions | ||||
| 0 | 9 (27.3) | 18 (18.2) | 10 (20.5) | 0.26 |
| 1 | 9 (27.3) | 32 (32.3) | 41 (31.1) | 0.59 |
| >2 | 15 (45.5) | 49 (49.5) | 64 (48.5) | 0.69 |
| Type of underlying condition† | ||||
| Heart disease | 12 (36.4) | 28 (28.3) | 40 (30.3) | 0.38 |
| Lung disease | 7 (21.2) | 28 (28.3) | 35 (26.5) | 0.43 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 4 (12.1) | 7 (7.1) | 11 (8.3) | 0.36 |
| Renal disease | 6 (18.2) | 12 (12.1) | 18 (13.6) | 0.38 |
| Metabolic/endocrine | 8 (24.2) | 13 (13.1) | 21 (15.9) | 0.13 |
| Malignancy/immunosuppression | 4 (12.1) | 31 (31.3) | 35 (26.5) | 0.031 |
| Neurologic condition | 3 (9.1) | 6 (6.1) | 9 (6.8) | 0.55 |
| Other risk factors‡ | 1 (3.0) | 5 (5.1) | 6 (5.3) | 0.63 |
| Type of Haemophilus influenzae illness | ||||
| Pneumonia | 17 (51.5) | 61 (61.6) | 78 (59.1) | 0.47 |
| Meningitis | 7 (21.2) | 10 (10.1) | 17 (12.9) | 0.099 |
| Septicemia | 2 (6.1) | 16 (16.2) | 18 (13.6) | 0.14 |
| Hepatobiliary infection | 3 (9.1) | 1 (1.0) | 4 (3.0) | 0.019 |
| Septic arthritis | 0 | 4 (4.0) | 4 (3.0) | 0.24 |
| Epiglottitis | 1 (3.0) | 3 (3.0) | 4 (3.0) | 1.00 |
| Cellulitis | 1 (3.0) | 4 (4.0) | 5 (3.8) | 0.79 |
| Urogenital infection | 1 (3.0) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 0.082 |
| Endocarditis | 1 (3.0) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 0.082 |
| CFR | ||||
| Overall | 10/33 (41.7) | 34/99 (42.0) | 44/132 (41.9) | 0.98 |
| No underlying condition | 3/9 (33.3) | 0/18 | 3/27 (11.1) | 0.009 |
| 1 underlying condition | 5/24 (20.8) | 9/81 (11.1) | 14/105 (13.3) | 0.22 |
| >2 underlying conditions | 3/15 (20.0) | 7/49 (14.3) | 10/64 (15.6) | 0.59 |
| Attributable CFR | 10/33 (30.3) | 12/99 (12.1) | 22/132 (16.7) | 0.015 |
| CFR within 7 d | 8/33 (24.2) | 8/99 (8.8) | 16/132 (12.1) | 0.014 |
| CFR within 28 d | 10/33 (30.3) | 15/99 (15.2) | 25/132 (18.9) | 0.054 |
| CFR for meningitis§ | 1/7 (14.3) | 0/10 | 1/17 (5.9) | 0.22 |
| CFR for pneumonia§ | 7/17 (41.2) | 7/61 (11.5) | 14/78 (18.0) | 0.005 |
| CFR for septicemia§ | 0/2 | 1/16 (6.3) | 1/18 (5.6) | 0.72 |
| CFR for other conditions§ | 0/7 | 0/12 | 0/19 |
*Values are no. cases (%) or no. cases/no. in category (%), unless otherwise specified. Hie, Haemophilus influenzae serotype e; Hif, H. influenzae serotype f; IQR, interquartile range; CFR, case-fatality ratio.
†Some case-patients had >1 underlying condition.
‡For Hie, long-term complications of extreme prematurity (n = 1); for Hif, alcohol dependency (n = 3), long-term complications of extreme prematurity (n = 1), and schizophrenia (n = 1).
§Death within 7 d.
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