Volume 19, Number 1—January 2013
Research
Infections with Spore-forming Bacteria in Persons Who Inject Drugs, 2000–2009
Norah E. Palmateer
, Vivian D. Hope, Kirsty Roy, Andrea Marongiu, Joanne M. White, Kathie A. Grant, Colin N. Ramsay, David J. Goldberg, and Fortune Ncube
, Vivian D. Hope, Kirsty Roy, Andrea Marongiu, Joanne M. White, Kathie A. Grant, Colin N. Ramsay, David J. Goldberg, and Fortune Ncube
Table 1
Cases of infection with spore-forming bacteria and rates of infection among PWID, by health region, England and Scotland, 2000–2009*
| Health region | No. PWID† |
No. cases (rate/1,000 PWID)
|
Total no. cases (rate/1,000 PWID, 95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Botulism | Tetanus | Clostridium novyi infection | Anthrax | |||
| England | 137,141 | 139 (1.01) | 28 (0.20) | 32 (0.23) | 0 | 199 (1.45, 1.22–1.65) |
|
East of England |
9,418 | 17 (1.81) | 0 | 2 (0.21) | 0 | 19 (2.02, 1.45–3.04) |
|
East Midlands |
11,796 | 15 (1.27) | 4 (0.34) | 1 (0.08) | 0 | 20 (1.70, 1.48–1.91) |
|
London |
17,909 | 28 (1.56) | 4 (0.22) | 2 (0.11) | 0 | 34 (1.90, 1.42–2.10) |
|
North East |
8,959 | 6 (0.67) | 1 (0.11) | 0 | 0 | 7 (0.78, 0.66–0.99) |
|
North West |
22,089 | 14 (0.63) | 7 (0.32) | 16 (0.72) | 0 | 37 (1.68, 1.47–1.97) |
|
South East |
13,778 | 9 (0.65) | 3 (0.22) | 5 (0.36) | 0 | 17 (1.23, 0.95–1.41) |
|
South West |
17,444 | 23 (1.32) | 3 (0.17) | 1 (0.06) | 0 | 27 (1.55, 1.38–1.69) |
|
West Midlands |
14,734 | 4 (0.27) | 5 (0.34) | 1 (0.07) | 0 | 10 (0.68, 0.59–0.74) |
|
Yorkshire and the Humber |
21,014
|
23 (1.09)
|
1 (0.05)
|
4 (0.19)
|
0
|
28 (1.33, 1.23–1.41)
|
| Scotland‡ | 23,933 | 18 (0.75) | 5 (0.21) | 60 (2.51)§ | 13 (0.54) | 96 (4.01, 3.43–4.29) |
|
Ayrshire and Arran |
2,373 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
Borders |
201 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
Dumfries and Galloway |
486 | 0 | 1 (2.06) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.06, 1.49–2.70) |
|
Fife |
1,270 | 2 (1.57) | 0 | 2 (1.57) | 1 (0.79) | 5 (3.94, 3.27–4.64) |
|
Forth Valley |
786 | 1 (1.27) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.27, 1.04–1.52) |
|
Grampian |
3,056 | 6 (1.96) | 2 (0.65) | 3 (0.98) | 0 | 11 (3.60, 2.83–4.48) |
|
Greater Glasgow and Clyde |
8,862 | 8 (0.90) | 1 (0.11) | 50 (5.64) | 9 (1.02) | 68 (7.67, 5.74–9.17) |
|
Highland |
734 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
Lanarkshire |
1,649 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.21) | 2 (1.21) | 4 (2.43, 1.92–4.46) |
|
Lothian |
3,262 | 0 | 1 (0.31) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.31, 0.23–0.40) |
|
Tayside |
1,254 | 1 (0.80) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.80) | 2 (1.59, 1.26–1.97) |
*PWID, persons who inject drugs.
†References 13,14.
‡Regions of mainland Scotland only.
§Region not known for 3 of the 60 case-patients who had C. novyi infection.
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