Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link

Volume 19, Number 2—February 2013

Dispatch

Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Surveillance at Live Poultry Markets, Cambodia, 2011

Srey Viseth Horm, San Sorn, Lotfi Allal, and Philippe BuchyComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: Institut Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (S.V. Horm, S. Sorn, P. Buchy); Ministry of Agriculture, Phnom Penh (S. Sorn); Food and Agriculture Organization, Phnom Penh (L. Allal)

Main Article

Figure 2

Phylogenetic relationship of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene among various influenza A(H5N1) strains; HA sequences for 95 strains (60 from Cambodia, 34 from Vietnam) were included in the analysis. Black triangles indicate viruses detected during this study of environmental samples from live poultry markets in Cambodia. Phylogenetic trees were generated by using the distance method and applying the neighbor-joining algorithm with bootstrap analysis (1,000 replicates). Analysis was based on nt 1–1,661

Figure 2. . Phylogenetic relationship of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene among various influenza A(H5N1) strains; HA sequences for 48 strains (36 from Cambodia, 11 from Vietnam and one from China) were included in the analysis. Black triangles indicate viruses detected during this study of environmental samples from live poultry markets in Cambodia. Phylogenetic trees were generated by using the distance method and applying the neighbor-joining algorithm with bootstrap analysis (1,000 replicates). Analysis was based on nt 1–1,661 of the HA gene. The trees were rooted to A/goose/China/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1). Numbers above and below branch nodes indicate bootstrap value of >70%. Scale bar represents the number of nucleotide changes per site. Lineage numbers 1–6, clades, and subclades indicate strains that are grouped in closely related phylogenetic lineages, as described (14). All sequences included in the analysis are available in GenBank.

Main Article

References
  1. World Health Organization. Cumulative number of confirmed cases of avian influenza A/(H5N1) [cited 2012 Aug 10]. http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/H5N1_cumulative_table_archives/en/index.html
  2. Buchy  P, Fourment  M, Mardy  S, Sorn  S, Holl  D, Ly  S, Molecular epidemiology of clade 1 influenza A viruses (H5N1), Southern Indochina Peninsula, 2004–2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:1641–4. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Gutiérrez  RA, Naughtin  MJ, Horm  SV, San  S, Buchy  PA. (H5N1) virus evolution in South East Asia. Viruses. 2009;1:335–61. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Van Kerkhove  MD, Vong  S, Guitiand  J, Holle  D, Mangtani  P, San  S, Poultry movement networks in Cambodia: implications for surveillance and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI/H5N1). Vaccine. 2009;27:6345–52. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Vong  S, Ly  S, Mardy  S, Holl  D, Buchy  P. Environmental contamination during influenza A virus (H5N1) outbreaks, Cambodia, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1303–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Horm  SV, Gutiérrez  RA, Sorn  S, Buchy  P. Environment: a potential source of animal and human infection with influenza A(H5N1) virus. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2012;6:442–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Fournié  G, Guitian  J, Desvaux  S, Mangtani  P, Ly  S, Cong  VC, Identifying live bird markets with the potential to act as reservoirs of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus: a survey in northern Viet Nam and Cambodia. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e37986. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Wan  XF, Dong  L, Lan  Y, Long  LP, Xu  C, Zou  S, Indications that live poultry markets are a major source of human H5N1 influenza virus infection in China. J Virol. 2011;85:13432–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Wang  M, Di  B, Zhou  DH, Zheng  BJ, Jing  H, Lin  YP, Food markets with live birds as source of avian influenza. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1773–5. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Indriani  R, Samaan  G, Gultom  A, Loth  L, Indryani  S, Adjid  R, Environmental sampling for avian influenza virus A(H5N1) in live-bird markets, Indonesia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16:1889–95. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Leung  YHC, Zhang  LJ, Chow  CK, Tsang  CL, Ng  CF, Wong  CK, Poultry drinking water used for avian influenza surveillance. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1380–2. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Deboosere  N, Horm  SV, Delobel  A, Gachet  J, Buchy  P, Vialette  M. Viral elution and concentration method for detection of influenza A viruses in mud by real-time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods. 2012;179:148–53. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Horm  SV, Deboosere  N, Gutiérrez  RA, Vialette  M, Buchy  P. Direct detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus from mud specimens. J Virol Methods. 2011;176:69–73. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Sorn  S, Sok  T, Ly  S, Rith  S, Tung  N, Viari  A, Dynamic of H5N1 virus in Cambodia and emergence of a novel endemic sub-clade. Infect Genet Evol. 2012 Jun 7. Epub ahead of print. PubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: January 22, 2013
Page updated: January 22, 2013
Page reviewed: January 22, 2013
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external