Volume 19, Number 8—August 2013
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Effects and Clinical Significance of GII.4 Sydney Norovirus, United States, 2012–2013
Eyal Leshem
, Mary Wikswo, Leslie Barclay, Eric Brandt, William Storm, Ellen Salehi, Traci DeSalvo, Tim Davis, Amy Saupe, Ginette Dobbins, Hillary A. Booth, Christianne Biggs, Katie Garman, Amy M. Woron, Umesh D. Parashar, Jan Vinjé, and Aron J. Hall
, Mary Wikswo, Leslie Barclay, Eric Brandt, William Storm, Ellen Salehi, Traci DeSalvo, Tim Davis, Amy Saupe, Ginette Dobbins, Hillary A. Booth, Christianne Biggs, Katie Garman, Amy M. Woron, Umesh D. Parashar, Jan Vinjé, and Aron J. Hall
Table 1
Number and percentage of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks, by genotype, strain, setting, and mode of transmission in Minnesota, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Wisconsin, August 2012–April 2013*
| Outbreak | No. (%) outbreaks with sequence data |
No. (%) outbreaks with no sequence data, n = 279 | Total no. (%), N = 637 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GII.4 Sydney, n = 226 | Non–GII.4 Sydney, n = 132 | RR (95% CI) | |||
| Mode of transmission | |||||
| Person to person | 172 (76.1) | 93 (70.5) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | 216 (77.4) | 481 (75.5) |
| Foodborne | 35 (15.5) | 28 (21.2) | 0.73 (0.47–1.14) | 28 (10.0) | 91 (14.3) |
| Water | 0 | 1 (0.8) | NA | 0 | 1 (0.2) |
| Environmental | 0 | 2 (1.5) | NA | 0 | 2 (0.3) |
| Other/unknown |
19 (8.4) |
8 (6.1) |
1.39 (0.62–3.08) |
35 (12.5) |
62 (9.7) |
| Setting | |||||
| LTCF/hospital | 170 (75.2) | 63 (47.7) | 1.58 (1.30–1.91) | 189 (67.7) | 422 (66.2) |
| School/CCC | 4 (1.8) | 28 (21.2) | 0.08 (0.03–0.23) | 49 (17.6) | 81 (12.7) |
| Restaurant/banquet facility | 35 (15.5) | 25 (18.9) | 0.82 (0.51–1.30) | 23 (8.2) | 83 (13.0) |
| Other/multiple settings† | 14 (6.2) | 13 (9.8) | 0.63 (0.31–1.30) | 15 (5.4) | 42 (6.6) |
| Unknown | 3 (1.3) | 3 (2.3) | 0.58 (0.12–2.85) | 3 (1.1) | 9 (1.4) |
*RR, rate ratio; NA, not available; LTCF, long- term care facility; CCC, childcare center.
†Other settings include the following: private home (n = 15), noncafeteria workplace (n = 7), church (n= 2), other religious location (n = 2), hotel (n = 2), party (n = 3), apple orchard (n = 1), camp (n = 1), football tournament (n = 1), ship (n = 1), indoor playground (n = 1), movie theater (n = 1), trip to relatives (n = 1), other unspecified (n = 1), and multiple settings (n = 3).
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