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Volume 19, Number 9—September 2013
Research

Plasmodium falciparum Mutant Haplotype Infection during Pregnancy Associated with Reduced Birthweight, Tanzania

Daniel T. R. MinjaComments to Author , Christentze Schmiegelow, Bruno Mmbando, Stéphanie Boström, Mayke Oesterholt, Pamela Magistrado, Caroline Pehrson, Davis John, Ali Salanti, Adrian J.F. Luty1, Martha Lemnge, Thor Theander, John Lusingu, and Michael Alifrangis
Author affiliations: National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanzania (D.T.R. Minja, B. Mmbando, P. Magistrado, M. Lemnge, J. Lusingu); University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (D.T.R. Minja, C. Schmiegelow, P. Magistrado, C. Pehrson, A. Salanti, T. Theander, J. Lusingu, M. Alifrangis); Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (S. Boström); Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M. Oesterholt, A.J.F. Luty); Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania (D. John)

Main Article

Table 3

Determinants of birthweight for children born to 49 pregnant women with Plasmodium falciparum genotype data, Korogwe District, Tanga Region, Tanzania, September 2008–October 2010*

Variable Univariate analysis
 Multivariate analysis†
Coefficient 95% CI p value Coefficient 95% CI p value
MUAC at study inclusion, cm
 49
 1 to 97
 0.047
15
 −28 to 59
 0.47
Gestational age, wk
At study inclusion −20 −63 to 22 0.340
At delivery
 90
 −23 to 204
 0.120
90
 1 to 179
 0.048
Sex of newborn, F
 −106
 −432 to 221
 0.520
Maternal age, y
 37
 10 to 64
 0.009
2
 −30 to 35
 0.890
Gravidity (>2 pregnancies)
 477
 166 to 788
 0.004
434
 152 to 716
 0.004
Maternal weight at study inclusion, kg
 9
 −12 to 30
 0.370
Maternal weight gain, kg
From study inclusion to ANV3 38 −47 to 124 0.372
From ANV3–ANV4
 −22
 −72 to 28
 0.370
Infecting haplotype, sextuple
 −326
 −621 to −31
 0.031
−359
 −601 to −117
 0.005
Parasite density, per 1,000 IE/μL
 0.09
 −3 to 3
 0.95
No. infections‡
 −308
 −649 to 34
 0.08
−143
 −426 to 140
 0.31
No. IPTp doses before delivery
 −303
 −614 to 8
 0.06
−231
 −498 to 35
 0.087
Maternal HIV status positive
 230
 −308, to 769
 0.390
Place of delivery
Hospital −86 −381 to 209 0.56
Other than hospital −12 −696 to 671 0.971

*Effect on birthweight in the multivariate analyses is stated for all variables with p<0.2 in the univariate analyses. In the final model, only variables with p<0.10 were included in the model. MUAC, mid upper arm circumference; ANV3, antenatal clinic visit at gestational week 30; ANV3–4, ANV at gestational week 30–36; IE, infected erythrocytes.
†Blank spaces indicate no data/information. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
‡No. infections is based on all infections detected in the woman by using a rapid diagnostic test and/or blood smear, regardless of whether sequence specific oligonucleotide probes–ELISA was conducted.

Main Article

1Current affiliation: Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, Paris, France.

Page created: July 23, 2013
Page updated: August 20, 2013
Page reviewed: August 20, 2013
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