Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 2, Number 3—July 1996
Perspective

DNA Vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases: What If?

Robert G. WhalenComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 
Paris, France

Main Article

Table 1

Animal models of DNA vaccines

Pathogen Antigen Animal Species References
Bovine herpesvirus Glycoprotein Cattle, | mouse (7)
Hepatitis B virus Capsid (core antigen) Mouse (48)
Hepatitis B virus Envelope protein (surface antigen) Mouse
Rabbit
Rat
Chimpanzee * (3, 8-14, 53)
Hepatitis C virus Core/Nucleocapsid Mouse (12, 15)
Herpes simplex virus Glycoprotein B
Glycoprotein D
ICP27 Mouse | * (16-18)
Human immuno deficiency virus-1 Envelope glycoprotein
gp160
Noninfectious particles Mouse
Nonhuman primates (19-22)
House dust mite Allergen Rat * (52)
Influenza virus Hemagglutinin
Matrix protein
Nucleoprotein Chicken *
Ferrets *
Mouse *
Nonhuman primates * (23-29)
Leishmania major Major surface glycoprotein Mouse * (50)
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Glycoprotein
Nucleoprotein Mouse | *@ (30-32)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis M. leprae hsp65 Mouse | (33)
Mycoplasma pulmonis M. pulmonis DNA
M. pulmonis DNA expression library Mouse * (34,35)
Papillomavirus Major capsid protein L1 Rabbit * (51)
Plasmodium yoelii Circumsporozoite protein Mouse | (36-38)
Rabies virus Glycoprotein Mouse * (39-41)
Simian immunodeficiency virus Env, gag Monkeys (49)
Schistosoma japonicum Paramyosin (Sj97) Mouse (42)

The symbols | and * refer to reports of partial or complete protection, respectively, to challenge by the infectious agent. In one case, enhanced immunopathology ( @ ) after intracranial viral challenge has been reported. (32).
Updated versions of this table can be found on The DNA Vaccine Web site (URL: http://www.genweb.com/Dnavax/Announce/table.html) where links are provided to the PubMed abstracts of most references. See also a compendium of recent articles on DNA vaccines in a special issue of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 772 (New York Academy of Sciences Conference: "DNA Vaccines: A Novel Approach to Vaccination," Arlington, VA, April 7-9, 1995). The PubMed abstracts of the articles in this issue can be found on The DNA Vaccine Web.

Main Article

References
  1. Culliton  BJ. The greatest threat of all. Nat Med. 1995;1:1221. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Moran  N. World Health Organization plans rapid deployment. Nat Med. 1995;1:1234. DOIGoogle Scholar
  3. Whalen  RG, Davis  HL. DNA-mediated immunization and the energetic immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1995;75:112. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Wolff  JA, Malone  RW, Williams  P, Chong  W, Acsadi  G, Jani  A, . Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo. Science. 1990;247:14658. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Fynan  EF, Webster  RG, Fuller  D, . DNA vaccines: protective immunizations by parental, mucosal, and genegun inoculations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:1147882. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Muraskin  W. The war against hepatitis B: a history of the international task force on hepatitis B immunization. Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania Press,1995.
  7. Cox  GJ, Zamb  TJ, Babiuk  LA. Bovine herpesvirus 1: immune responses in mice and cattle injected with plasmid DNA. J Virol. 1993;67:56647.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Davis  HL, Michel  M-L, Whalen  RG. DNA-based immunization for hepatitis B induces continuous secretion of antigen and high levels of circulating antibody. Hum Mol Genet. 1993;2:184751. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Davis  HL, Michel  M-L, Mancini  M, Schleef  M, Whalen  RG. Direct gene transfer in skeletal muscle: plasmid DNA-based immunization against the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Vaccine. 1994;12:15039. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Davis  HL, Schirmbeck  R, Reimann  J, Whalen  RG. DNA-mediated immunization in mice induces a potent MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to hepatitis B surface antigen. Hum Gene Ther. 1995;6:144756. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Major ME, Vitvitski L, Mink MA, Schleef M, Whalen RG, Trepo C, et al. DNA-based immunization with chimeric vectors for the induction of immune responses against the hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid. J Virol. 1995;69:5798805.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Michel  M-L, Davis  HL, Schleef  M, Mancini  M, Tiollais  P, Whalen  RG. DNA-mediated immunization to the hepatitis B surface antigen in mice: aspects of the humoral response mimic hepatitis B viral infection in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92:530711. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Schirmbeck  R, Bohm  W, Ando  K, Chisari  FV, Reimann  J. Nucleic acid vaccination primes hepatitis B virus surface antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in nonresponder mice. J Virol. 1995;69:592934.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Davis  HL, Mancini  M, Michel  M-L, Whalen  RG. DNA-mediated immunization to hepatitis B surface antigen: longevity of primary response and effect of boost. Vaccine. 1996. In press.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Lagging  LM, Meyer  K, Hoft  D, Houghton  M, Belshe  RB, Ray  R. Immune responses to plasmid DNA encoding the hepatitis C virus core protein. J Virol. 1995;69:585963.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Rouse  RJ, Nair  SK, Lydy  SL, Bowen  JC, Rouse  BT. Induction in vitro of primary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses with DNA encoding herpes simplex virus proteins. J Virol. 1994;68:56859.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Ghiasi  H, Cai  S, Slanina  S, Nesburn  AB, Wechsler  SL. Vaccination of mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D DNA produces low levels of protection against lethal HSV-1 challenge. Antiviral Res. 1995;28:14757. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Manickan  E, Rouse  RJ, Yu  Z, Wire  WS, Rouse  BT. Genetic immunization against herpes simplex virus. Protection is mediated by CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1995;155:25965.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Wang  B, Boyer  J, Srikantan  V, Coney  L, Carrano  R, Phan  C, . DNA inoculation induces neutralizing immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in mice and nonhuman primates. DNA Cell Biol. 1993;12:799805. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Wang  B, Ugen  KE, Srikantan  V, Agadjanyan  MG, Dang  K, Refaeli  Y, . Gene inoculation generates immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus type I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:415660. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Lu  S, Santoro  JC, Fuller  DH, Haynes  JR, Robinson  HL. Use of DNAs expressing HIV-1 Env and noninfectious HIV-1 particles to raise antibody responses in mice. Virology. 1995;209:14754. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Wang  B, Boyer  J, Srikantan  V, Ugen  K, Gilbert  L, Phan  C, . Induction of humoral and cellular immune responses to the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus in nonhuman primates by in vivo DNA inoculation. Virology. 1995;211:10212. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Fynan  EF, Robinson  HL, Webster  RG. Use of DNA encoding influenza hemagglutinin as an avian influenza vaccine. DNA Cell Biol. 1993;12:7859. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Montgomery  DL, Shiver  JW, Leander  KR, Perry  HC, Friedman  A, Martinez  D, . Heterologous and homologous protection against influenza A by DNA vaccination: optimization of DNA vectors. DNA Cell Biol. 1993;12:77783. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Robinson  HL, Hunt  LA, Webster  RG. Protection against a lethal influenza virus challenge by immunization with a haemagglutinin-expressing plasmid DNA. Vaccine. 1993;11:95760. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Ulmer  JB, Donnelly  JJ, Parker  SE, Rhodes  GH, Felgner  PL, Dwarki  VJ, . Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein. Science. 1993;259:17459. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Yankauckas  MA, Morrow  JE, Parker  SE, Abai  A, Rhodes  GH, Dwarki  VJ, . Long-term anti-nucleoprotein cellular and humoral immunity is induced by intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA containing NP gene. DNA Cell Biol. 1993;12:7716. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Raz  E, Carson  DA, Parker  SE, Parr  TB, Abai  AM, Aichinger  G, . Intradermal gene immunization: the possible role of DNA uptake in the induction of cellular immunity to viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:951923. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Donnelly  JJ, Friedman  A, Martinez  D, Montgomery  DL, Shiver  JW, Motzel  SL, . Preclinical efficacy of a prototype DNA vaccine: enhanced protection against antigenic drift in influenza virus. Nat Med. 1995;1:5837. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Martins  LP, Lau  LL, Asano  MS, Ahmed  R. DNA vaccination against persistent viral infection. J Virol. 1995;69:257482.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Yokoyama  M, Zhang  J, Whitton  JL. DNA immunization confers protection against lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. J Virol. 1995;6964:26848.
  32. Zarozinski  CC, Fynan  EF, Selin  LK, Robinson  HL, Welsh  RM. Protective CTL-dependent immunity and enhanced immunopathology in mice immunized by particle bombardment with DNA encoding an internal virion protein. J Immunol. 1995;154:40107.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Lowrie  DB, Tascon  RE, Colston  MJ, Silva  CL. Towards a DNA vaccine against tuberculosis. Vaccine. 1994;12:153740. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. Barry  MA, Lai  WC, Johnston  SA. Protection against mycoplasma infection using expression-library immunization. Nature. 1995;377:6325. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Lai  WC, Bennett  M, Johnston  SA, Barry  MA, Pakes  SP. Protection against Mycoplasma pulmonis infection by genetic vaccination. DNA Cell Biol. 1995;14:64351. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Hoffman  SL, Sedegah  M, Hedstrom  RC. Protection against malaria by immunization with a Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein nucleic acid vaccine. Vaccine. 1994;12:152933. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Sedegah  M, Hedstrom  R, Hobart  P, Hoffman  SL. Protection against malaria by immunization with plasmid DNA encoding circumsporozoite protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:986670. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Mor  G, Klinman  DM, Shapiro  S, Hagiwara  E, Sedegah  M, Norman  JA, . Complexity of the cytokine and antibody response elicited by immunizing mice with Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein plasmid DNA. J Immunol. 1995;155:203946.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Xiang  ZQ, Spitalnik  S, Tran  M, Wunner  WH, Cheng  J, Ertl  HC. Vaccination with a plasmid vector carrying the rabies virus glycoprotein gene induces protective immunity against rabies virus. Virology. 1994;199:13240. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Xiang  Z, Ertl  HCJ. Manipulation of the immune response to a plasmidencoded viral antigen by coinoculation with plasmids expressing cyokines. Immunity. 1995;2:12935. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. Xiang  ZQ, Spitalnik  SL, Cheng  J, Erikson  J, Wojczyk  B, Ertl  HC. Immune responses to nucleic acid vaccines to rabies virus. Virology. 1995;209:56979. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  42. Yang  W, Waine  GJ, McManus  DP. Antibodies to Schistosoma japonicum (Asian bloodfluke) paramyosin induced by nucleic acid vaccination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995;212:102939. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  43. Davis  HL, Demeneix  BA, Quantin  B, Coulombe  J, Whalen  RG. Plasmid DNA is superior to viral vectors for direct gene transfer in adult mouse skeletal muscle. Hum Gene Ther. 1993;4:73340. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  44. Whalen  RG. DNA vaccines, cyberspace and self-help programs. Intervirology. 1996. In press.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  45. Davis  HL, Whalen  RG, Demeneix  BA. Direct gene transfer into skeletal muscle in vivo: factors affecting efficiency of transfer and stability of expression. Hum Gene Ther. 1993;4:1519. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  46. Eisenbraun  MD, Fuller  DH, Haynes  JR. Examination of parameters affecting the elicitation of humoral immune responses by particle bombardment-mediated genetic immunization. DNA Cell Biol. 1993;12:7917. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  47. Dixon  B. The third vaccine revolution. Bio/Technology. 1995;13:420. DOIGoogle Scholar
  48. Kuhober  A, Pudollek  HP, Reifenberg  K, Chisari  FV, Schlicht  H-J, Reimann  J, . DNA immunization induces antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses to hepatitis B core antigen in H-2b mice. J Immunol. 1996;156:368795.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. Yasutomi  Y, Robinson  HL, Lu  S, Mustafa  F, Lekutis  C, Arthos  J, . Simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte induction through DNA vaccination of rhesus monkeys. J Virol. 1996;70:67881.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  50. Xu  D, Liew  FY. Protection against leishmaniasis by injection of DNA encoding a major surface glycoprotein of L. major. Immunology. 1995;84:1736.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  51. Donnelly  JJ, Martinez  D, Jansen  KU, Ellis  RW, Montgomery  DL, Liu  MA. Protection against papillomavirus with a polynucleotide vaccine. J Infect Dis. 1996;173:31420. PubMedGoogle Scholar
  52. Hsu  CH, Chua  KY, Tao  MH, Lai  YL, Wu  HD, Huang  SK, Immunoprophylaxis of allergen-induced immunoglobulin E synthesis and airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo by genetic immunization. Nat Med. 1996;2:5404. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  53. Prince  AM, Whalen  RG, Brotman  B. Successful nucleic acid based immunization of newborn chimpanzees against HBV. Vaccine. 1996. In press.

Main Article

Page created: December 20, 2010
Page updated: December 20, 2010
Page reviewed: December 20, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external