Volume 20, Number 5—May 2014
Perspective
Bat Flight and Zoonotic Viruses
Table 2
Favorable innate and adaptive immune responses associated with the high body temperature of fever in mammals*
Enhanced neutrophil and monocyte motility and emigration |
Enhanced phagocytosis and pinocytosis |
Increased oxygen radical production by phagocytes |
Increased interferon production |
Increased antiviral, antitumor, or antiproliferative, and natural killer cell stimulating activities of interferon |
Potentiated interferon-induced anti-anaphylaxis (anergy) |
Enhanced natural killer complement activation |
Enhanced expression of Fc receptors |
Increased T-helper cell activation, expression, recruitment, and cytotoxic activity |
Blocked T-suppressor cell activity |
Increased antibody production |
Enhanced tumor necrosis factor-α |
Increased T-cell proliferative response to nonspecific mitogens, interleukin-1 and −2, and allogeneic lymphocytes |
Increased killing of intracellular bacteria |
Increased bactericidal effect of antimicrobial agents |
Induced cytoprotective heat-shock proteins in host cells |
Induced pathogen heat-shock proteins, which activate host defenses |
Induced cytoprotective heat-shock proteins in host cells |
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