Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 20, Number 5—May 2014
Dispatch

Influenza A Subtype H3 Viruses in Feral Swine, United States, 2011–2012

Zhixin Feng, John A. Baroch, Li-Ping Long, Yifei Xu, Frederick L. Cunningham, Kerri Pedersen, Mark W. Lutman, Brandon S. Schmit, Andrew S. Bowman, Thomas J. DeLiberto, and Xiu-Feng WanComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA (Z. Feng, L.-P. Long, Y. Xu, X.-F. Wan); Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China (Z. Feng); Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (J.A. Baroch, K. Pedersen, M.W. Lutman, B.S. Schmit, T.J. DeLiberto); Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the US Department of Agriculture, Mississippi State (F.L. Cunningham); The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA (A.S. Bowman)

Main Article

Table

Cross-reactive antibody responses against H3 and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in 76 influenza-positive serum samples from feral swine, United States, 2011–2012*

Source, virus Antigenic cluster† No. seropositive (%)‡
GMT (95% CI)§
No. overall
seropositive
(%)¶
HI MN HI MN
Feral swine IAV
A/swine/Texas/A011040013/2012(H3N2) H3N2-β 36 (47.4) 36 (47.4) 163 (40–640) 259 (40–1,280) 25 (32.9)
Domestic swine IAV
A/swine/Ohio/11SW64/2009 (H3N2) H3N2-α 27 (35.5) 30 (39.5) 65 (40–160) 121 (40–1,280) 17 (22.4)
A/swine/Iowa/12627/2009(H3N2) H3N2-α 30 (39.5) 31 (40.8) 73 (40–320) 183 (40–1,280) 15 (19.7)
A/swine/Ohio/11SW347/2011(H3N2) H3N2-β 31 (40.8) 31 (40.8) 122 (40–640) 112 (40–1,280) 17 (22.4)
A/swine/Iowa/6368/2012(H3N2) H3N2-β 26 (34.2) 36 (47.4) 94 (0–640) 240 (40–1,280) 20 (26.3)
Human H3N2v IAV
A/IA/07/2011 32 (42.1) 31 (40.8) 109 (40–640) 313 (40–1,280) 21 (27.6)
Human seasonal IAV H3N2-β
A/Perth/16/2009 H3N2-β 12 (15.8) 5 (6.6) 76 (40–320] 121 (40–1,280) 1 (1.3)
A/Victoria/361/2011 H3N2-β 11 (14.5) 2 (2.6) 141 (40–640) 226 (40–1,280) 0
A/California/7/2009 H3N2-β 5 (6.6) 3 (3.9) 70 (40–640) 80 (40–320) 1 (1.3)

*Influenza detected by ELISA. GMT, geometric mean titer; HI, hemagglutination-inhibition; MN, microneutralization; IAV, influenza A virus.
†The antigenic cluster H3N2-α and H3N2-β were defined in (5).
‡Seropositive was defined as the HI or MN titer >40.
§Only serum with an HI or MN titer >40 are used to calculate the GMT.
¶Overall seroconversion was defined as both HI and MN titer >40.

Main Article

References
  1. Hinshaw  VS, Webster  RG, Easterday  BC, Bean  WJ Jr. Replication of avian influenza A viruses in mammals. Infect Immun. 1981;34:35461 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Zhou  NN, Senne  DA, Landgraf  JS, Swenson  SL, Erickson  G, Rossow  K, Genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses in American pigs. J Virol. 1999;73:88516 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Zhou  NN, Senne  DA, Landgraf  JS, Swenson  SL, Erickson  G, Rossow  K, Emergence of H3N2 reassortant influenza A viruses in North American pigs. Vet Microbiol. 2000;74:4758 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Hause  BM, Oleson  TA, Bey  RF, Stine  DL, Simonson  RR. Antigenic categorization of contemporary H3N2 swine influenza virus isolates using a high-throughput serum neutralization assay. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2010;22:3529. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Feng  Z, Gomez  J, Bowman  AS, Ye  J, Long  LP, Nelson  SW, Antigenic characterization of H3N2 influenza A viruses from Ohio agricultural fairs. J Virol. 2013;87:765567. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) virus infection in two children—Indiana and Pennsylvania, July–August 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60:12135 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Biggerstaff  M, Reed  C, Epperson  S, Jhung  MA, Gambhir  M, Bresee  JS, Estimates of the number of human infections with influenza A(H3N2) variant virus, United States, August 2011–April 2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(Suppl 1):S125. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Wyckoff  AC, Henke  SE, Campbell  TA, Hewitt  DG, VerCauteren  KC. Feral swine contact with domestic swine: a serologic survey and assessment of potential for disease transmission. J Wildl Dis. 2009;45:4229. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Pimentel  D. Environmental and economic costs of vertebrate species invasions into the United States. In: Witmer GW, Pitt WC, Fagerstone KA, editors. Managing vertebrate invasive species: proceedings of an international symposium; 2007 August 7–9, 2007. Fort Collins (CO): USDA/APHIS/National Wildlife Research Center; 2007. p. 1–8.
  10. Fogarty  EP. National distribution of and stakeholder attitudes toward feral hogs. Mississippi State (MS): Mississippi State University; 2007.
  11. Shu  B, Garten  R, Emery  S, Balish  A, Cooper  L, Sessions  W, Genetic analysis and antigenic characterization of swine origin influenza viruses isolated from humans in the United States, 1990–2010. Virology. 2012;422:15160. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Ye  J, Xu  Y, Harris  J, Sun  H, Bowman  AS, Cunningham  F, Mutation from arginine to lysine at the position 189 of hemagglutinin contributes to the antigenic drift in H3N2 swine influenza viruses. Virology. 2013;446:2259 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Matschke  GH. Aging European wild hogs by dentition. J Wildl Manage. 1967;31:10913. DOIGoogle Scholar
  14. Hall  JS, Minnis  RB, Campbell  TA, Barras  S, Deyoung  RW, Pabilonia  K, Influenza exposure in United States feral swine populations. J Wildl Dis. 2008;44:3628. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: April 17, 2014
Page updated: April 17, 2014
Page reviewed: April 17, 2014
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external