Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 21, Number 3—March 2015
Letter

High Prevalence of Hepatitis Delta Virus among Persons Who Inject Drugs, Vietnam

Naomi Hall, Linh Nguyen Thuy, Trinh Do Thi Diem, Allison Waters, Linda Dunford, Jeff Connell, Michael Carr, William Hall, and Lan Anh Nguyen ThiComments to Author 
Author affiliations: National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (N. Hall, A. Waters, L. Dunford, J. Connell, M. Carr, W. Hall); Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Vietnam (L.N. Thuy, T.D.T. Diem, L.A.N. Thi)

Main Article

Figure

Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genotypes 1 and 2 from Vietnam. A 472-nt fragment (corresponding to nucleotides 802–1,273 from HDV isolate C15; Genbank accession no. KF660600) was used to construct the phylogram. HDV genotyping was done by using amplification and bidirectional sequencing of the R0 region as described by Le Gal et al. (2). Bootstrap resampling was done for 1,000 replicates of the dataset using the neighbor-joining algorithm; values >70% are

Figure. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genotypes 1 and 2 from Vietnam. A 472-nt fragment (corresponding to nucleotides 802–1,273 from HDV isolate C15; GenBank accession no. KF660600) was used to construct the phylogram. HDV genotyping was done by using amplification and bidirectional sequencing of the R0 region as described by Le Gal et al. (2). Bootstrap resampling was done for 1,000 replicates of the dataset using the neighbor-joining algorithm; values >70% are shown at the nodes. Bold text indicates samples from patients in Vietnam; location, year, and risk group are indicated. Genbank accession numbers are shown in parentheses. Scale indicates substitutions per position. PWID, person who injects drugs; SW, sex worker.

Main Article

References
  1. Taylor  JM. Virology of hepatitis D virus. Semin Liver Dis. 2012;32:195–200 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Le Gal  F, Gault  E, Ripault  MP, Serpaggi  J, Trinchet  JC, Gordien  E, Eighth major clade for hepatitis delta virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1447–50. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Sakugawa  H, Nakasone  H, Nakayoshi  T, Kawakami  Y, Miyazato  S, Kinjo  F, Hepatitis delta virus genotype IIb predominates in an endemic area, Okinawa, Japan. J Med Virol. 1999;58:366–72. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Casey  JL, Brown  TL, Colan  EJ, Wignall  FS, Gerin  JL. A genotype of hepatitis D virus that occurs in Northern South America. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:9016–20. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Nguyen  VT, McLaws  ML, Dore  GJ. Highly endemic hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22:2093–100. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Tran  HTT, Ushijima  H, Quang  VX, Phuong  N, Li  TC, Hayashi  S, Prevalence of hepatitis virus types B through E and genotypic distribution of HBV and HCV in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Hepatol Res. 2003;26:275–80. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Dunford  L, Carr  MJ, Dean  J, Nguyen  LT, Ta Thi  TH, Nguyen  BT, A multicentre molecular analysis of hepatitis B and blood-borne virus coinfections in Viet Nam. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e39027. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Sy  BT, Ratsch  BA, Toan  NL, Song  LH, Wollboldt  C, Bryniok  A, High prevalence and significance of hepatitis D virus infection among treatment-naive HBsAg-positive patients in Northern Vietnam. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e78094. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Sy  BT, Nguyen  HM, Toan  NL, Song  LH, Tong  HV, Wollbolt  C, Identification of a natural intergenotypic recombinant hepatitis delta virus genotype 1 and 2 in Vietnamese HBsAg-positive patients. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22:55–63 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Hughes  SA, Wedemeyer  H, Harrison  PM. Hepatitis delta virus. Lancet. 2011;378:73–85. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: February 18, 2015
Page updated: February 18, 2015
Page reviewed: February 18, 2015
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external