Occupational Exposure to Dromedaries and Risk for MERS-CoV Infection, Qatar, 2013–2014
Chantal B.E.M. Reusken
1 , Elmoubasher A.B.A. Farag
1, Bart L. Haagmans
1, Khaled A. Mohran
1, Gert-Jan Godeke, Stalin Raj, Farhoud Alhajri, Salih A. Al-Marri, Hamad Al-Romaihi, Mohamed Al-Thani, Berend-Jan Bosch, Annemiek A. van der Eijk, Ahmed M. El-Sayed, Adel K. Ibrahim, N. Al-Molawi, Marcel A. Müller, Syed K. Pasha, Sung Sup Park, Mohd M. AlHajri, and Marion P.G. Koopmans
Author affiliations: Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (C.B.E.M. Reusken, B.L. Haagmans, V.S. Raj, A.A. van der Eijk, M.P.G. Koopmans); Supreme Council of Health, Doha, Qatar (E.A.B.A Farag, S.A. Al-Marri, H.E. Al-Romaihi, M. Al-Thani, A.M. El-Sayed, M.M. AlHajri); Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt (K.A. Mohran); Ministry of Environment, Doha (K.A. Mohran, F. Alhajri); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (G.-J. Godeke, M.P.G. Koopmans); Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (B.-J. Bosch); Leawaina Camel Hospital, Dukhan, Qatar (A.K. Ibrahim, S.K. Pasha); Hamad Medical Centre, Doha (N. Al-Molawi); University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.M. Müller, C. Drosten)
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Figure
Figure. Reactivity of human serum samples, from persons with and without dromedary contact, with S1 antigens of various coronaviruses (CoVs), Qatar, 2013–2014. A) Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV S1; B) human CoV OC43 S1; C) severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV S1. Relative fluorescent units (RFU) are shown at a serum dilution of 1:20. Black lines indicate median; dotted black lines at 30,000 RFU depict cutoff for analysis. Human cohorts: A1, camel slaughterers; A2, sheep slaughterers who had contact with dromedaries and camel slaughterers; B, workers at the central animal market; C, barn workers at the international camel racing track; D, workers on camel farms; E, construction workers; F, sheep farmers; G1, persons recently infected with a common human CoV (serum samples from the Netherlands and Germany); G2, persons with suspected Bordetella pertussis infection (serum samples from the Netherlands).
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