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Volume 22, Number 1—January 2016
Research

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination at a Time of Changing Sexual Behavior

Iacopo BaussanoComments to Author , Fulvio Lazzarato, Marc Brisson, and Silvia Franceschi
Author affiliations: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (I. Baussano, F. Lazzarato, S. Franceschi); University of Turin, Turin, Italy (F. Lazzarato); University of Piemonte Orientale Avogadro, Novara, Italy (F. Lazzarato); Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Québec City, Québec, Canada (M. Brisson); Université Laval, Québec City (M. Brisson); Imperial College, London, UK (M. Brisson)

Main Article

Table

Model parameters related to HPV16 infection, sexual behavior, and vaccine efficacy and values assigned or calibrated*

Parameter Value Source
Probability of transmission per sexual partnership, % 80 Assumed
Fraction of immunity after infection clearance, %
 20
 Assumed
Rate of clearance by duration since infection, person-year Assumed
<1 y 1.3
1–2 y 0.8
>2 y
 0.3
New sexual partners per year, mean
Heterosexual population with traditional sexual behavior 2.0 Calibrated
Heterosexual population with gender-similar sexual behavior 1.5 Calibrated
Heterosexual population with gender-similar sexual behavior with increased number of partners 2.0† SA
Heterosexual population with traditional sexual behavior with decreased number of partners
 1.5‡
 SA
Mixing between classes of sexual activity§ 0.7 Calibrated
0.3
 SA
Vaccination efficacy 95% Assumed
Duration of vaccine protection Lifelong Assumed

*Values have been assumed on the basis of previous research (7). We calibrated values by fitting model-based projections to data from rural India (19) and the United States (20). SA indicates that the value was imposed on the model for univariate sensitivity analysis.
† We increased the average number of partners from 1.5, the calibrated value, to 2.0 in the population with gender-similar sexual behavior.
‡ We decreased the average number of partners from 2.0, the calibrated value, to 1.5 in the population with traditional behavior.
§”Mixing between classes of sexual activity” is a measure of the tendency for persons with similar levels of sexual activity to form sexual partnerships. It is measured on a scale where fully and randomly assortative (i.e., like-with-like) mixing corresponds to values 0 and 1, respectively. For the sensitivity analysis, we changed the value of assortative mixing by level of sexual activity from 0.7, the calibrated value, to 0.3.

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