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Volume 22, Number 12—December 2016
Dispatch

Highly Divergent Dengue Virus Type 2 in Traveler Returning from Borneo to Australia

Wenjun Liu, Paul Pickering, Sebastián Duchêne, Edward C. Holmes, and John G. AaskovComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W. Liu, P. Pickering J.G. Aaskov); University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S. Duchene, E.C. Holmes); Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane (J.G. Aaskov)

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Figure 1

A) Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of 500 complete genome sequences of DENV-1–DENV-4 (alignment length of 10,185 nt), including QML22/2015, estimated by using the generalized time-reversible invariable sites gamma model of nucleotide substitution in PhyML (13) and nearest-neighbor interchange plus subtree pruning, regrafting, and branch swapping. The tree is midpoint rooted for clarity, and sequences are color coded according to their putative transmission cycle (human, black; sylvatic, blu

Figure 1. A) Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of 500 complete genome sequences of DENV-1–DENV-4 (alignment length of 10,185 nt), including QML22/2015, estimated by using the generalized time-reversible invariable sites gamma model of nucleotide substitution in PhyML (13) and nearest-neighbor interchange plus subtree pruning, and regrafting branch-swapping. The tree is midpoint rooted for clarity, and sequences are color coded according to their putative transmission cycle (human, black; sylvatic, blue); red indicates the highly divergent QML22/2015 lineage isolated in this study. B) Regression of root-to-tip genetic distances of 119 representative human and sylvatic complete genome sequences of DENV-2 (alignment length 10,173 nt) against time (year) of sampling. The input phylogenetic tree was estimated by using the same maximum-likelihood procedure. Three regression lines and slopes are shown; slopes indicate an estimate of the virus nucleotide substitution rate (substitutions/site/year). Blue line indicates rate for entire DENV-2 data set; dashed line indicates rate for sylvatic DENV-2 sequences; black line indicates rate for human DENV-2 sequences. There is a marked difference between sylvatic and human rates. DENV, dengue virus.

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