Genomic Characterization of Recrudescent Plasmodium malariae after Treatment with Artemether/Lumefantrine
Gavin G. Rutledge
1, Ian Marr
1, G. Khai Lin Huang, Sarah Auburn, Jutta Marfurt, Mandy Sanders, Nicholas J. White, Matthew Berriman, Chris I. Newbold, Nicholas M. Anstey, Thomas D. Otto
, and Ric N. Price
Author affiliations: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (G.G. Rutledge, M. Sanders, M. Berriman, C.I. Newbold, T.D. Otto); Royal Darwin Hospital, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia (I. Marr, G.K.L. Huang, N.M. Anstey, R.N. Price); Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (S. Auburn, J. Marfurt, N.M. Anstey, R.N. Price); Mahidol University Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand (N.J. White); University of Oxford Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford, United Kingdom (N.J. White, R.N. Price); University of Oxford Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford (C.I. Newbold)
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Figure 1
Figure 1. Timeline of the clinical case of a patient with Plasmodium malariae infection diagnosed and treated at Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, March–April 2015, showing the timing (A), treatment (B), parasite’s genotype as inferred from whole-genome sequencing (C), clinical presentation (D), and location (E). The rounded arrow indicates the recrudescence of the minor haplotype 2 in the initial infection to dominate monoclonally in the second infection. AL, artemether/lumefantrine; H1, haplotype 1; H2; haplotype 2; MP Ag, pan-malarial antigen; R1, reference haplotype.
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