Volume 24, Number 1—January 2018
Dispatch
Melioidosis, Singapore, 2003–2014
Long Pang, Patrick N.A. Harris, Rachel L. Seiler, Peng Lim Ooi, Jeffrey Cutter, Kee Tai Goh, Alex R. Cook, Dale Fisher1, and Louis Yi Ann Chai1
Table
Demographic characteristics of patients with melioidosis, Singapore, 2003–2014*
| Characteristic | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Total (%)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. cases |
42 |
96 |
74 |
59 |
57 |
60 |
37 |
58 |
34 |
31 |
34 |
32 |
614 |
| Patient age, y | |||||||||||||
| Mean | 52.6 | 51.3 | 51.2 | 50.6 | 56.9 | 49.6 | 54.1 | 55 | 46.1 | 45.9 | 53.7 | 50 | |
| Minimum | 19 | 7 | 0 | 14 | 9 | 3 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 9 | 13 | |
| Maximum |
82 |
91 |
95 |
85 |
87 |
77 |
83 |
87 |
77 |
76 |
88 |
83 |
|
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| F | 6 | 15 | 9 | 13 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 13 | 6 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 98 (16.0) |
| M |
36 |
81 |
65 |
46 |
50 |
51 |
29 |
45 |
28 |
30 |
24 |
31 |
516 (84.0) |
| Incidence by race‡ | |||||||||||||
| Chinese | 0.9 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.0§ |
| Malay | 2 | 2.9 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 2.4§ |
| Indian |
0.7 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
2.2 |
4.5 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
0.6 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
2.3 |
2.1§ |
| Comorbidity | |||||||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 | 61 | 43 | 31 | 33 | 39 | 19 | 38 | 20 | 15 | 18 | 12 | 348 (56.7) |
| Hypertensive disease | 10 | 29 | 23 | 18 | 27 | 27 | 8 | 21 | 17 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 218 (35.5) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1 | 2 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 22 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 87 (14.2) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 3 | 19 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 60 (9.8) |
| Chronic liver disease/cirrhosis | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (1.5) |
| Neoplasm | 0 | 0 | 5 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 45 (7.3) |
| Renal impairment | 9 | 23 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 94 (15.3) |
| Anemia | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 (2.0) |
| Tuberculosis | 0 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 21 (3.4) |
| COPD | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (1.0) |
| Asthma |
0 |
4 |
6 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
18 (2.9) |
| No. deaths, % | 6 (14.3) | 25 (26.0) | 12 (16.2) | 9 (15.3) | 12 (21.1) | 12 (20.0) | 5 (13.5) | 14 (24.1) | 6 (17.6) | 2 (6.5% | 8 (23.5) | 2 (6.3) | 113 (18.4) |
*Data extracted from (5,9). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
†Values are no. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
‡These are the standard reported races/ethnicities in Singapore. Incidence is per 100,000 population.
§Mean.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
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