Volume 24, Number 10—October 2018
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Influenza Transmission Dynamics in Urban Households, Managua, Nicaragua, 2012–2014
Aubree Gordon
, Tim K. Tsang, Benjamin J. Cowling, Guillermina Kuan, Sergio Ojeda, Nery Sanchez, Lionel Gresh, Roger Lopez, Angel Balmaseda, and Eva Harris
, Tim K. Tsang, Benjamin J. Cowling, Guillermina Kuan, Sergio Ojeda, Nery Sanchez, Lionel Gresh, Roger Lopez, Angel Balmaseda, and Eva Harris
Table 1
Characteristics of influenza virus–infected index cases-patients and household contacts, Managua, Nicaragua, August 2012–November 2014*
| Characteristic | Influenza type, no./total (%) | Total, no. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A(H1N1) | A(H3N2) | B | ||
| Index patients | 16 | 80 | 37 | 133 |
| Age, y | ||||
| <5 | 10 (63) | 52 (65) | 15 (41) | 77 (58) |
| 6−18 | 5 (31) | 23 (29) | 21 (57) | 49 (37) |
| >18 | 1 (6) | 5 (6) | 1 (3) | 7 (5) |
| Sex | ||||
| F | 6 (38) | 36 (45) | 17 (46) | 59 (44) |
| M | 10 (63) | 44 (55) | 20 (54) | 74 (56) |
| Prior vaccination | ||||
| Yes | 1 (6) | 2 (3) | 3 (8) | 6 (5) |
| No | 15 (94) | 78 (98) | 34 (92) | 127 (95) |
| Oseltamivir treatment | ||||
| Yes | 16 (100) | 53 (66) | 32 (86) | 101 (76) |
| No | 0 | 27 (34) | 5 (14) | 32 (24) |
| No. household contacts | ||||
| 1–3 | 6 (38) | 44 (55) | 23 (62) | 73 (55) |
| 4–5 | 5 (31) | 19 (24) | 6 (16) | 30 (23) |
| >5 | 5 (31) | 17 (21) | 8 (22) | 30 (23) |
| No. secondary cases in household | ||||
| 0 | 10 (63) | 54 (68) | 17 (46) | 81 (61) |
| 1 | 4 (25) | 16 (20) | 14 (38) | 34 (26) |
| 2 | 1 (6) | 4 (5) | 5 (14) | 10 (8) |
| >2 | 1 (6) | 6 (8) | 1 (3) | 8 (6) |
| Household contacts | 67 | 322 | 147 | 536 |
| Age, y | ||||
| <18 | 30 (45) | 147 (46) | 64 (44) | 241 (45) |
| >18 | 37 (55) | 175 (54) | 83 (56) | 295 (55) |
| Sex | ||||
| F | 46 (69) | 202 (63) | 94 (64) | 342 (64) |
| M | 21 (31) | 120 (37) | 53 (36) | 194 (36) |
| Prior vaccination | ||||
| Yes | 3 (4) | 9 (3) | 20 (14) | 32 (6) |
| No | 64 (96) | 313 (97) | 127 (86) | 504 (94) |
| With confirmed infection | ||||
| Overall | 9/67 (13) | 46/322 (14) | 29/147 (20) | 84/536 (16) |
| <18 y† | 3/30 (10) | 33/147 (22) | 21/64 (33) | 57/241 (24) |
| >18 y† | 6/37 (16) | 13/175 (7) | 8/83 (10) | 27/295 (9) |
| No. confirmed infections without reported symptoms | ||||
| Overall | 2/9 (22) | 15/46 (33) | 4/29 (14) | 21/84 (25) |
| <18 y† | 2/3 (67) | 11/33 (33) | 3/21 (14) | 16/57 (28) |
| >18 y† | 0/6 | 4/13 (31) | 1/8 (13) | 5/27 (19) |
*Not all percentages add up to 100% because of rounding.
†The denominator is the number of infected household contacts in the corresponding age group.
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