Volume 24, Number 10—October 2018
Research
Tuberculosis Treatment Monitoring by Video Directly Observed Therapy in 5 Health Districts, California, USA
Richard S. Garfein
, Lin Liu, Jazmine Cuevas-Mota, Kelly Collins, Fatima Muñoz, Donald G. Catanzaro, Kathleen Moser, Julie Higashi, Teeb Al-Samarrai, Paula Kriner, Julie Vaishampayan, Javier Cepeda, Michelle A. Bulterys, Natasha K. Martin, Phillip Rios, and Fredric Raab
, Lin Liu, Jazmine Cuevas-Mota, Kelly Collins, Fatima Muñoz, Donald G. Catanzaro, Kathleen Moser, Julie Higashi, Teeb Al-Samarrai, Paula Kriner, Julie Vaishampayan, Javier Cepeda, Michelle A. Bulterys, Natasha K. Martin, Phillip Rios, and Fredric Raab
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients participating in a study assessing VDOT for monitoring tuberculosis treatment, by site, 5 California health districts, 2015–2016*
| Characteristic | Total | Site |
p value† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Diego | San Francisco | Santa Clara | Imperial | San Joaquin | |||
| No. patients |
272 |
99 |
99 |
49 |
10 |
15 |
|
| Age, y | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 43.8 (16.5) | 42.0 (16.9) | 46.5 (15.5) | 42.2 (16.2) | 46.6 (22.0) | 41.7 (16.1) | 0.19 |
| Range |
18–87 |
18–87 |
24–86 |
21–83 |
21–69 |
21–76 |
|
| Education | |||||||
| <Primary school | 26 (10) | 10 (10) | 12 (12) | 3 (6) | 1 (10) | 0 | 0.02 |
| High school | 105 (39) | 39 (40) | 39 (40) | 13 (27) | 5 (50) | 9 (60) | |
| Some college or technical school | 67 (25) | 25 (26) | 17 (18) | 15 (31) | 4 (40) | 6 (40) | |
| >Bachelor’s degree |
71 (26) |
24 (24) |
29 (30) |
18 (37) |
0 |
0 |
|
| Sex | |||||||
| M | 167 (61) | 59 (60) | 61 (62) | 34 (69) | 5 (50) | 8 (53) | 0.65 |
| F |
105 (39) |
40 (40) |
38 (38) |
15 (31) |
5 (50) |
7 (47) |
|
| Race or ethnicity | |||||||
| Asian | 154 (57) | 41 (41) | 68 (69) | 37 (76) | 10 (10) | 7 (47) | <0.001 |
| Caucasian or white | 19 (7) | 7 (7) | 7 (7) | 1 (2) | 0 | 4 (27) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 82 (30) | 42 (42) | 21 (21) | 6 (12) | 9 (90) | 4 (27) | |
| Other‡ |
17 (6) |
9 (9) |
3 (3) |
5 (10) |
0 |
0 |
|
| Country of birth | |||||||
| United States | 47 (17) | 22 (22) | 9 (9) | 4 (8) | 4 (40) | 8 (53) | <0.001 |
| Mexico | 44 (16) | 26 (26) | 7 (7) | 5 (10) | 5 (50) | 1 (7) | |
| Other§ |
181 (67) |
51 (52) |
83 (84) |
40 (82) |
1 (10) |
6 (40) |
|
| Annual household income, $USD | |||||||
| <10,000 | 110 (44) | 43 (46) | 43 (47) | 13 (29) | 6 (55) | 8 (57) | 0.09 |
| 10,000–30,000 | 74 (30) | 24 (28) | 29 (32) | 15 (33) | 3 (27) | 3 (21) | |
| 30,000–50,000 | 26 (10) | 13 (15) | 9 (10) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (14) | |
| >50,000 |
39 (16) |
10 (11) |
11 (12) |
15 (33) |
2 (18) |
1 (7) |
|
| Had health insurance, yes vs. no | 229 (85) | 76 (78) | 85 (86) | 43 (90) | 10 (91) | 15 (100) | 0.12 |
| Owned cell phone, yes vs. no | 247 (90) | 90 (91) | 92 (93) | 44 (90) | 9 (82) | 12 (80) | 0.33 |
| Owned smartphone, yes vs. no | 196 (72) | 71 (72) | 67 (68) | 41 (84) | 7 (64) | 10 (67) | 0.26 |
| Homeless, yes vs. no¶ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Ever smoked cigarettes, yes vs. no | 116 (42) | 43 (43) | 41 (41) | 17 (35) | 7 (64) | 8 (53) | 0.41 |
| Marijuana use, yes vs. no¶ | 18 (7) | 5 (5) | 7 (7) | 2 (4) | 2 (18) | 2 (13) | 0.26 |
| Noninjection drug use, yes vs. no¶ | 4 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Ever injection drug use, yes vs. no | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (2) | 1 (9) | 0 | 0.07 |
*Values are no. (%) participants unless otherwise indicated. VDOT, video directly observed therapy; NA, not applicable.
†p values based on Fisher exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Variable totals might not sum to column totals because of missing data.
‡Other race group includes African American (n = 3), American Indian (n = 2), Pacific Islander (n = 1), and mixed and other races (n = 11).
§Other countries were predominantly in Asia.
¶Referent period is the previous 6 months.
Page created: September 16, 2018
Page updated: September 16, 2018
Page reviewed: September 16, 2018
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