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Volume 24, Number 10—October 2018
Research

Tuberculosis Treatment Monitoring by Video Directly Observed Therapy in 5 Health Districts, California, USA

Richard S. GarfeinComments to Author , Lin Liu, Jazmine Cuevas-Mota, Kelly Collins, Fatima Muñoz, Donald G. Catanzaro, Kathleen Moser, Julie Higashi, Teeb Al-Samarrai, Paula Kriner, Julie Vaishampayan, Javier Cepeda, Michelle A. Bulterys, Natasha K. Martin, Phillip Rios, and Fredric Raab
Author affiliations: University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA (R.S. Garfein, L. Liu, J. Cuevas-Mota, K. Collins, F. Muñoz, J. Cepeda, M.A. Bulterys, N.K. Martin, P. Rios, F. Raab); University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA (D.G. Catanzaro); San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, California, USA (K. Moser); San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA (J. Higashi); Santa Clara County Public Health Department, San Jose, California, USA (T. Al-Samarrai); Imperial County Public Health Department, El Centro, California, USA (P. Kriner); San Joaquin Public Health Services, Stockton, California, USA (J. Vaishampayan)

Main Article

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients participating in a study assessing VDOT for monitoring tuberculosis treatment, by site, 5 California health districts, 2015–2016*

Characteristic Total Site
 p value†
San Diego San Francisco Santa Clara Imperial San Joaquin
No. patients
 272
 99
 99
 49
 10
 15
Age, y
Mean (SD) 43.8 (16.5) 42.0 (16.9) 46.5 (15.5) 42.2 (16.2) 46.6 (22.0) 41.7 (16.1) 0.19
Range
 18–87
 18–87
 24–86
 21–83
 21–69
 21–76
Education
<Primary school 26 (10) 10 (10) 12 (12) 3 (6) 1 (10) 0 0.02
High school 105 (39) 39 (40) 39 (40) 13 (27) 5 (50) 9 (60)
Some college or technical school 67 (25) 25 (26) 17 (18) 15 (31) 4 (40) 6 (40)
>Bachelor’s degree
 71 (26)
 24 (24)
 29 (30)
 18 (37)
 0
 0
Sex
M 167 (61) 59 (60) 61 (62) 34 (69) 5 (50) 8 (53) 0.65
F
 105 (39)
 40 (40)
 38 (38)
 15 (31)
 5 (50)
 7 (47)
Race or ethnicity
Asian 154 (57) 41 (41) 68 (69) 37 (76) 10 (10) 7 (47) <0.001
Caucasian or white 19 (7) 7 (7) 7 (7) 1 (2) 0 4 (27)
Hispanic or Latino 82 (30) 42 (42) 21 (21) 6 (12) 9 (90) 4 (27)
Other‡
 17 (6)
 9 (9)
 3 (3)
 5 (10)
 0
 0
Country of birth
United States 47 (17) 22 (22) 9 (9) 4 (8) 4 (40) 8 (53) <0.001
Mexico 44 (16) 26 (26) 7 (7) 5 (10) 5 (50) 1 (7)
Other§
 181 (67)
 51 (52)
 83 (84)
 40 (82)
 1 (10)
 6 (40)
Annual household income, $USD
<10,000 110 (44) 43 (46) 43 (47) 13 (29) 6 (55) 8 (57) 0.09
10,000–30,000 74 (30) 24 (28) 29 (32) 15 (33) 3 (27) 3 (21)
30,000–50,000 26 (10) 13 (15) 9 (10) 2 (4) 0 (0) 2 (14)
>50,000
 39 (16)
 10 (11)
 11 (12)
 15 (33)
 2 (18)
 1 (7)
Had health insurance, yes vs. no 229 (85) 76 (78) 85 (86) 43 (90) 10 (91) 15 (100) 0.12
Owned cell phone, yes vs. no 247 (90) 90 (91) 92 (93) 44 (90) 9 (82) 12 (80) 0.33
Owned smartphone, yes vs. no 196 (72) 71 (72) 67 (68) 41 (84) 7 (64) 10 (67) 0.26
Homeless, yes vs. no¶ 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA
Ever smoked cigarettes, yes vs. no 116 (42) 43 (43) 41 (41) 17 (35) 7 (64) 8 (53) 0.41
Marijuana use, yes vs. no¶ 18 (7) 5 (5) 7 (7) 2 (4) 2 (18) 2 (13) 0.26
Noninjection drug use, yes vs. no¶ 4 (1) 1 (1) 2 (2) 1 (2) 0 0 1
Ever injection drug use, yes vs. no 3 (1) 1 (1) 0 1 (2) 1 (9) 0 0.07

*Values are no. (%) participants unless otherwise indicated. VDOT, video directly observed therapy; NA, not applicable.
†p values based on Fisher exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Variable totals might not sum to column totals because of missing data.
‡Other race group includes African American (n = 3), American Indian (n = 2), Pacific Islander (n = 1), and mixed and other races (n = 11).
§Other countries were predominantly in Asia.
¶Referent period is the previous 6 months.

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Page created: September 16, 2018
Page updated: September 16, 2018
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