Volume 24, Number 10—October 2018
Research
Tuberculosis Treatment Monitoring by Video Directly Observed Therapy in 5 Health Districts, California, USA
Table 3
Bivariate analysis of FEDO by participant characteristics and perceptions of VDOT in a study assessing VDOT for monitoring tuberculosis treatment, by selected characteristics, 5 California health districts, 2015–2016*
Characteristic |
No. patients |
FEDO, median (SD) |
p value† |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic and socioeconomic | |||
Site type | |||
Urban county | 248 | 92.8 (13.3) | 0.51 |
Rural county | 26 | 94.2 (15.4) | |
Age, y, correlation coefficient | 272 | −0.03 | 0.63 |
Months on treatment, correlation coefficient | 272 | −0.14 | 0.02 |
Education | |||
<Primary school | 26 | 88.4 (13.7) | 0.17 |
High school | 105 | 93.0 (14.5) | |
Some college or technical school | 67 | 93.9 (13.2) | |
>Bachelor’s degree | 71 | 94.2 (11.9) | |
Sex | |||
M | 167 | 92.8 (12.7) | 0.70 |
F | 105 | 93.4 (14.8) | |
Race or ethnicity | |||
Asian | 154 | 95.0 (10.8) | <0.001 |
Caucasian or white | 19 | 95.6 (15.4) | |
Hispanic or Latino | 82 | 86.8 (16.3) | |
Other‡ | 17 | 87.0 (11.4) | |
Country of birth | |||
United States | 47 | 90.3 (17.2) | <0.001 |
Mexico | 44 | 84.7 (16.0) | |
Other§ | 181 | 94.5 (10.7) | |
Annual household income, $ (USD) | |||
<10,000 | 110 | 92.7 (13.6) | 0.04 |
10,000–30,000 | 74 | 90.8 (14.8) | |
30,000–50,000 | 26 | 92.0 (10.4) | |
>50,000 | 39 | 96.3 (9.8) | |
Insured at baseline | |||
Yes | 229 | 93.4 (13.6) | 0.28 |
No | 42 | 89.9 (13.4) | |
Owned cell phone at baseline | |||
Yes | 247 | 93.0 (12.9) | 0.49 |
No | 26 | 93.1 (18.3) | |
Owned smartphone at baseline | |||
Yes | 196 | 92.8 (13.2) | 0.84 |
No |
76 |
93.6 (14.5) |
|
Tuberculosis risk factors | |||
Ever smoked cigarettes | |||
Yes | 116 | 92.3 (12.3) | 0.26 |
No | 157 | 93.6 (14.4) | |
Marijuana use in previous 6 mo | |||
Yes | 18 | 88.1 (19.3) | 0.01 |
No |
252 |
93.2 (13.0) |
|
Tuberculosis and treatment perceptions | |||
Did you share your VDOT experience with family members? | |||
Yes | 156 | 92.9 (14.1) | 0.80 |
No | 58 | 93.1 (13.0) | |
Did you share your VDOT experience with friends, neighbors, classmates, or coworkers? | |||
Yes | 73 | 93.4 (13.7) | 0.48 |
No | 141 | 92.7 (13.9) | |
Were you concerned someone would see you using the VDOT cell phone? | |||
Yes | 73 | 93.3 (14.9) | 0.89 |
No | 141 | 92.6 (13.2) | |
Did you ever fail to record a video because you were worried someone was watching you? | |||
Yes | 18 | 89.2 (10.3) | 0.28 |
No | 196 | 93.1 (14.1) | |
Confidentiality of VDOT vs. DOT? | |||
More | 146 | 92.9 (14.4) | 0.92 |
Less | 5 | 92.7 (12.5) | |
Same | 59 | 93.0 (12.7) | |
VDOT experience | |||
Overall, how easy/difficult did you find the VDOT process? | |||
Very easy | 174 | 93.6 (12.4) | 0.001 |
Somewhat easy | 32 | 91.7 (14.6) | |
Somewhat or very difficult | 9 | 66.9 (19.8) | |
If you had to redo tuberculosis treatment, would you choose VDOT or in-person DOT? | |||
VDOT | 192 | 93.2 (13.9) | |
In-person DOT | 6 | 91.3 (13.3) | 0.55 |
No preference | 16 | 92.1 (12.9) | |
Would you recommend VDOT to other tuberculosis patients? | |||
Yes | 202 | 92.7 (13.9) | 0.42 |
No | 8 | 94.8 (9.8) | |
How often did you take tuberculosis while medication away from home? | |||
Never or rarely | 120 | 94.2 (12.3) | 0.04 |
Less than half or half the time | 48 | 93.4 (13.8) | |
Most of the time or every time | 46 | 88.9 (16.4) | |
How often did you have problems using the VDOT application? | |||
Never | 82 | 95.1 (13.7) | 0.001 |
Rarely | 99 | 92.8 (10.3) | |
Less than half the time | 23 | 88.2 (12.3) | |
Half the time or more | 10 | 74.3 (25.7) | |
How often did poor reception cause you problems uploading videos? | |||
Never | 65 | 95.8 (15.6) | 0.01 |
Rarely | 103 | 92.4 (11.5) | |
Less than half the time | 24 | 89.6 (8.7) | |
Half the time or more | 20 | 84.9 (19.3) |
*DOT, directly observed therapy; FEDO, fraction of expected doses observed = number of complete doses observed through VDOT divided by the number of doses expected; VDOT, video directly observed therapy.
†p values based on Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, or Spearmen correlation coefficient.
‡Other race groups were African American (n = 3), American Indian (n = 2), Pacific Islander (n = 1), and mixed and other races (n = 11).
§Other countries were predominately in Asia.