Volume 24, Number 2—February 2018
Dispatch
Co-circulation of Influenza A H5, H7, and H9 Viruses and Co-infected Poultry in Live Bird Markets, Cambodia
Paul F. Horwood
, Srey Viseth Horm, Annika Suttie, Sopheak Thet, Phalla Y, Sareth Rith, San Sorn, Davun Holl, Sothyra Tum, Sowath Ly, Erik A. Karlsson, Arnaud Tarantola, Philippe Dussart, and Phalla Y
, Srey Viseth Horm, Annika Suttie, Sopheak Thet, Phalla Y, Sareth Rith, San Sorn, Davun Holl, Sothyra Tum, Sowath Ly, Erik A. Karlsson, Arnaud Tarantola, Philippe Dussart, and Phalla Y
Table 2
Avian influenza co-infections detected in poultry from live bird markets in Cambodia, February–December 2015
| Sample code | Market/ week | Bird | Cycle threshold values by quantitative RT-PCR |
H9 RT-PCR¶ | Co-infections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza A†‡ | H5a† | H5b† | N1† | H7§ | H7† | H9† | |||||
| Z-47 | M1/W9 | C | 18.72 | 18.96 | ND | 23.57 | – | – | 20.37 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-68 | M1/W10 | C | 19.38 | 26.94 | ND | 25.41 | – | – | 30.82 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-104 | M1/W12 | D | 24.13 | 32.73 | 30.74 | 32.90 | – | – | 23.39 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-138 | M2/W13 | C | 26.02 | 28.04 | 25.84 | 25.37 | – | – | 29.02 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-150 | M1/W14 | C | 34.25 | 27.01 | 39.76 | – | – | – | 34.47 | + | H5/H9 |
| Z-167 | M1/W15 | C | 30.81 | 38.60 | 36.36 | – | – | – | 30.84 | + | H5/H9 |
| Z-169 | M1/W15 | C | 27.83 | 37.93 | 35.08 | – | – | – | 27.58 | + | H5/H9 |
| Z-170 | M1/W15 | C | 22.79 | 33.52 | 32.44 | 34.79 | – | – | 25.65 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-227 | M1/W18 | C | 28.90 | 35.77 | 29.81 | 30.17 | – | – | 30.60 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-228 | M1/W18 | C | 23.93 | 29.54 | 23.63 | 24.60 | – | – | 29.84 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-230# | M1/W18 | C | 25.61 | – | 39.71 | 38.54 | – | – | 22.65 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-267 | M1/W20 | C | 22.70 | 28.69 | 26.80 | 30.18 | – | – | 27.66 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-269# | M1/W20 | C | 21.04 | – | – | – | – | – | 27.00 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-430 | M1/W28 | C | 23.79 | – | – | – | – | 24.78 | 24.98 | + | H7/H9 |
| Z-466 | M1/W30 | D | 32.56 | 40.93 | – | – | – | 34.72 | 36.00 | + | H7/H9 |
| Z-568# | M1/W35 | C | 32.40 | – | 41.34 | – | – | – | 37.39 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-748# | M1/W44 | C | 21.05 | – | 35.44 | 37.75 | – | – | 27.17 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-824 | M1/W48 | D | 19.40 | 17.20 | 23.82 | 25.38 | – | – | 31.79 | – | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-858# | M2/W49 | C | 18.41 | 40.23 | – | 24.02 | – | – | 27.67 | + | H5N1/H9 |
| Z-909# | M1/W52 | C | 24.14 | 38.03 | 39.37 | – | – | – | 29.88 | + | H5/H9 |
*C, chicken; D, duck; RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR; +, positive; –, negative.
†US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assays, available at the International Reagent Resource (https://www.internationalreagentresource.org/Home.aspx).
‡All samples with an M gene quantitative RT-PCR cycle threshold value <38 were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs to confirm avian influenza infection.
§Van Borm et al. (13).
¶World Health Organization (12).
#Equivocal H5 or N1 results (defined by cycle threshold value >38) were subsequently confirmed by isolation of influenza A(H5N1) in embryonated chicken eggs (data not shown).
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