Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever Virus RNA in Hyalomma rufipes Ticks Infesting Migratory Birds, Europe and Asia Minor
Tove Hoffman, Mats Lindeborg, Christos Barboutis, Kiraz Erciyas-Yavuz, Magnus Evander, Thord Fransson, Jordi Figuerola, Thomas G.T. Jaenson, Yosef Kiat, Per-Eric Lindgren, Åke Lundkvist, Nahla Mohamed, Sara Moutailler, Fredrik Nyström, Björn Olsen, and Erik Salaneck
Author affiliations: Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (T. Hoffman, M. Lindeborg, T.G.T. Jaenson, Å. Lundkvist, B. Olsen, E. Salaneck); Hellenic Ornithological Society/Birdlife, Athens, Greece (C. Barboutis); Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey (K. Erciyas-Yavuz); Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (M. Evander, N. Mohamed); Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden (T. Fransson); Estación Biológica de Doñana, Sevilla, Spain (J. Figuerola); Ciber Epidemilogía y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (J. Figuerola); Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (Y. Kiat); Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden (P.-E. Lindgren, F. Nyström); Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, Maisons-Alfort, France (S. Moutailler)
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Figure 1
Figure 1. Wintering (light brown) and breeding (green) locations and springtime migratory routes (arrows) of birds testing positive for Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) RNA in Greece and Turkey, 2010 and 2014. The 4 bird species found infested by Hyalomma ticks carrying AHFV RNA were the western yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava) (A), eastern woodchat shrike (Lanius senator niloticus) (B), sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) (C), and common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus) (D). Red shading indicates areas where AHFV has been detected. The dashed line shows the approximate northern geographic boundary of H. marginatum complex ticks (based on information from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/disease-vectors/surveillance-and-disease-data/tick-maps). H. rufipes ticks have a wide geographic distribution in Africa and are present in Saudi Arabia. Collection sites are labeled: Andikíthira, Greece (A); Capri, Italy (C); Jerusalem, Israel (J); Kizilirmak Delta, Turkey (K); Huelva and Sevilla Provinces, Spain (S); Canary Islands, Spain (L); and Crete, Greece (T). Maps created based on information from The Birds of the Western Palearctic, volumes 5–7, Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 1988, 1992, 1993.
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