Volume 24, Number 7—July 2018
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Large Outbreaks of Fungal and Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in a Neonatal Unit, South Africa, 2012–2016
Erika van Schalkwyk
, Samantha Iyaloo, Serisha D. Naicker, Tsidiso G. Maphanga, Ruth S. Mpembe, Thokozile G. Zulu, Mabatho Mhlanga, Sibongile Mahlangu, Motlatji B. Maloba, Grace Ntlemo, Kgomotso Sanyane, Dini Mawela, and Nelesh P. Govender
, Samantha Iyaloo, Serisha D. Naicker, Tsidiso G. Maphanga, Ruth S. Mpembe, Thokozile G. Zulu, Mabatho Mhlanga, Sibongile Mahlangu, Motlatji B. Maloba, Grace Ntlemo, Kgomotso Sanyane, Dini Mawela, and Nelesh P. Govender
Table 2
Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with candidemia caused by Candida krusei among infants admitted to the neonatal unit at hospital A, Gauteng, South Africa, July 1–October 31, 2014
| Characteristics |
Candidemia positive, no. in category/total no. (%) |
Univariate analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
|||
| OR (95% CI) |
p value |
aOR (95% CI) |
p value |
|||
| Sex | ||||||
| M | 27/336 (58.7) | Reference | Reference | |||
| F |
19/249 (41.3) |
0.9 (0.5–1.8) |
0.857 |
0.9 (0.4–1.7) |
0.671 |
|
| Gestational age at birth, wks† | ||||||
| <28 | 3/27 (6.7) | 3.1 (0.7–12.1) | 0.111 | ND | ND | |
| 28–31 | 18/99 (40.0) | 5.4 (2.3–12.6) | <0.001 | ND | ND | |
| 32–36 | 15/209 (33.3) | 1.9 (0.8–4.5) | 0.141 | ND | ND | |
| ≥37 |
9/229 (20.0) |
Reference |
ND |
ND |
||
| Birthweight, g | ||||||
| <1,000 | 8/44 (17.4) | 8.7 (2.8–26.7) | <0.001 | 6.5 (1.9–21.6) | 0.002 | |
| 1,000–1,499 | 16/87 (34.8) | 8.9 (3.3–23.5) | <0.001 | 6.1 (2.1–17.2) | 0.001 | |
| 1,500–1,999 | 11/120 (23.9) | 4.0 (1.4–11.1) | 0.008 | 3.4 (1.1–10.0) | 0.023 | |
| 2,000–2,499 | 5/93 (10.9) | 2.2 (0.6–7.6) | 0.193 | 2.5 (0.7–8.8) | 0.139 | |
| ≥2,500 |
6/242 (13.0) |
Reference |
Reference |
|||
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | ||||||
| No | 31/521 (67.4) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Yes |
15/65 (32.6) |
4.8 (2.3–9.4) |
<0.001 |
3.1 (1.4–6.7) |
0.005 |
|
| HIV exposed | ||||||
| No | 19/314 (54.3) | Reference | ND | ND | ||
| Yes |
16/178 (45.7) |
1.5 (0.7–3.1) |
0.226 |
ND |
ND |
|
| Month admitted | ||||||
| July | 21/152 (45.7) | 8.9 (2.6–30.6) | <0.001 | 9.3 (2.5–33.1) | 0.001 | |
| August | 15/128 (32.6) | 7.4 (2.0–26.2) | 0.002 | 8.6 (2.3–31.5) | 0.001 | |
| September | 7/137 (15.2) | 3.0 (0.7–11.9) | 0.117 | 3.5 (0.8–14.4) | 0.080 | |
| October |
3/170 (6.5) |
Reference |
ND |
ND |
||
| Underlying conditions | ||||||
| Respiratory | ||||||
| No | 9/195 (19.6) | Reference | ND | ND | ||
| Yes | 37/390 (80.4) | 2.2 (1.0–4.6) | 0.043 | ND | ND | |
| Cardiovascular | ||||||
| No | 25/387 (58.1) | Reference | ND | ND | ||
| Yes | 18/149 (41.9) | 2.0 (1.0–3.8) | 0.035 | ND | ND | |
| Jaundice | ND | ND | ||||
| No | 17/313 (37.0) | Reference | ND | ND | ||
| Yes |
29/274 (63.0) |
2.1 (1.0–3.9) |
0.023 |
ND |
ND |
|
| Mother's antenatal care | ||||||
| None | 13/76 (28.2) | Reference | ND | ND | ||
| 1–5 visits | 26/392 (56.5) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.004 | ND | ND | |
| 6–10 visits | 7/116 (15.2) | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.018 | ND | ND | |
| >10 visits |
0/3 (0) |
1 |
ND |
ND |
||
| Mother's educational level | ||||||
| <Grade 10 | 7/134 (16.7) | Reference | ND | ND | ||
| ≥Grade 10 |
35/426 (83.3) |
1.6 (0.7–3.8) |
0.255 |
ND |
ND |
|
| *Bold typeface indicates statistically significant values. Variables with a p value of <0.2 in the univariate analysis were added to a multivariable model and only variables that remained in the final model are displayed in the last 2 columns. Sex was included in the multivariable model as an a priori confounder. OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted OR; NA, not applicable; ND, no data (variables were not included in the final multivariable model). †World Health Organization classification. | ||||||
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Page updated: June 14, 2018
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