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Volume 24, Number 7—July 2018
Research

Global Distribution of Human Protoparvoviruses

Elina Väisänen, Ushanandini Mohanraj, Paula M. Kinnunen1, Pikka Jokelainen, Haider Al-Hello, Ali M. Barakat, Mohammadreza Sadeghi2, Farid A. Jalilian, Amir Majlesi, Moses Masika, Dufton Mwaengo, Omu Anzala, Eric Delwart, Olli Vapalahti, Klaus Hedman, and Maria Söderlund-VenermoComments to Author 
Author affiliations: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E. Väisänen, U. Mohanraj, P.M. Kinnunen, P. Jokelainen, O. Vapalahti, K. Hedman, M. Söderlund-Venermo); Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (P. Jokelainen); Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia (P. Jokelainen); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (H. Al-Hello); Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq (A.M. Barakat); Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (M. Sadeghi, E. Delwart); University of California, San Francisco (M. Sadeghi, E. Delwart); Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran (F.A. Jalilian, A. Majlesi); University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (M. Masika, D. Mwaengo, O. Anzala); Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (O. Vapalahti, K. Hedman)

Main Article

Table 1

Characteristics of cohorts used in study of global distribution of human protoparvoviruses*

Cohort No. persons Health status Mean age, y (range) No. (%) male:female; unknown Time of sample collection Other features
Finland 324 Constitutionally healthy 40.2 (19–79) 45 (13.9):279 (86.1) 2009 Oct Adults: veterinarians
United States 84 Constitutionally healthy 41.3 (18–72) 64 (76.2):20 (23.8) 2009 Apr Adults: blood donors
Iraq 99 Constitutionally healthy 39.7 (18–60) 71 (71.4):28 (28.3) 2013 Nov–Dec Adults: medical staff, blood donors, and university students
Iran 107 Constitutionally healthy 42.2 (18–77) 50 (46.7):57 (53.3) 2015–2016 Adults: blood donors
Kenya, children 107 Febrile at time of sampling (mean temperature 38.6°C, range 37.5°C–40.4°C) 6.9 (0.5–17.8) 59 (55.1):43 (40.2); 5 (4.7)† 2016 Apr–Aug Children: includes 9 HIV+ (8 receiving HAART)
Kenya, adults 119 Febrile at time of sampling (mean temperature 38.9°C, range 37.5°C–39.8°C) 43.3 (18.2–88.3) 42 (35.3):76 (63.9); 1 (0.8)† 2016 Apr–Nov Adults: includes 38 HIV+ (35 receiving HAART)

*HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; +, positive.
†Sex was not specified in the questionnaire.

Main Article

1Current affiliation: Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland.

2Current affiliation: University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Page created: June 18, 2018
Page updated: June 18, 2018
Page reviewed: June 18, 2018
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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