Volume 25, Number 1—January 2019
Synopsis
Aeromedical Transfer of Patients with Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Table 1
Mission | Date | Infection | Origin | Patient signs/symptoms (stable/unstable) | Isolator type | Aircraft | Patient outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
2012 Oct 4 |
CCHF |
Afghanistan† (1) |
Blood, diarrhea (unstable) |
T-ATI |
Lockheed C-130 Hercules |
Died |
2 |
2014 Aug 23 |
EVD |
Sierra Leone (4) |
None (stable) |
T-ATI |
Boeing C-17 |
Survived |
3 |
2014 Dec 29 |
EVD |
Sierra Leone† (2) |
None (stable) |
T-ATI |
Lockheed C-130 Hercules |
Survived |
4 |
2015 Jan 29 |
Ebola exposure |
Sierra Leone (10) |
None |
SI |
Boeing C-17 |
Survived |
5 |
2015 Jan 31 |
Ebola exposure |
Sierra Leone (10) |
None |
SI |
Boeing C-17 |
Survived |
6 | 2015 Mar 13 | EVD | Sierra Leone (3) | Diarrhea (stable) | T-ATI | Boeing C-17 | Survived |
Ebola exposure | Sierra Leone (10) | None | SI | Survived | |||
Ebola exposure |
Sierra Leone (10) |
None |
SI |
Survived |
|||
7 |
2015 Mar 13 |
Ebola exposure |
Sierra Leone (10) |
None |
SI |
Boeing C-17 |
Survived |
8 |
2015 Oct 9 |
EVD |
United Kingdom (5) |
Meningitis |
T-ATI |
Boeing C-17 |
Survived |
9 | 2016 Mar 22 | EVD | United Kingdom (6) | Late neurologic complications | T-ATI | Lockheed C-130 Hercules | Survived |
*CCHF, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; EVD, Ebola virus disease; SI, stretcher isolator; T-ATI, Trexler Air Transport Isolator; UK, United Kingdom.
†Aeromedical transfer originated within the United Kingdom.
References
- Fisher-Hoch SP, Price ME, Craven RB, Price FM, Forthall DN, Sasso DR, et al. Safe intensive-care management of a severe case of Lassa fever with simple barrier nursing techniques. Lancet. 1985;2:1227–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Barr DA, Aitken C, Bell DJ, Brown CS, Cropley I, Dawood N, et al. First confirmed case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the UK. Lancet. 2013;382:1458. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- News BBC. Ebola nurse Pauline Cafferkey transferred to London unit. 2014 Dec 30 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-30629397
- News BBC. Ebola: British patient and five colleagues flown home. 2015 Mar 13 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-31845947
- News BBC. Briton in Sierra Leone “tests positive for Ebola.” 2014 Aug 23 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-28914614
- News BBC. Ebola nurse Pauline Cafferkey back in hospital. 2015 Oct 9 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34483882
- News BBC. Ebola nurse Pauline Cafferkey “stable” after night in London hospital. 2016 Feb 24 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-35639748
- News BBC. Possible Ebola cases flown to UK. 2015 Jan 16 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30846704
- News BBC. Second UK health worker monitored for Ebola. 2015 Feb 2 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-31091528
- Jacobs M, Aarons E, Bhagani S, Buchanan R, Cropley I, Hopkins S, et al. Post-exposure prophylaxis against Ebola virus disease with experimental antiviral agents: a case-series of health-care workers. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:1300–4. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Assessment and planning for medical evacuation by air to the EU of patients with Ebola virus disease and people exposed to Ebola virus. 2014 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/assessment-and-planning-medical-evacuation-air-eu-patients-ebola-virus-disease
- Ewington I, Nicol E, Adam M, Cox AT, Green AD. Transferring patients with Ebola by land and air: the British military experience. J R Army Med Corps. 2016;162:217–21. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Gilsdorf A, Morgan D, Leitmeyer K. Guidance for contact tracing of cases of Lassa fever, Ebola or Marburg haemorrhagic fever on an airplane: results of a European expert consultation. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:1014. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Christopher GW, Eitzen EM Jr. Air evacuation under high-level biosafety containment: the aeromedical isolation team. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:241–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidance on air medical transport (AMT) for Patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD). 2015 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/healthcare-us/emergency-services/air-medical-transport.html.
- Canadian Critical Care Society. Ebola clinical care guidelines. 2014 [cited 2018 Nov 1] http://www.canadiancriticalcare.org/resources/Pictures/Ebola%20Clinical%20Care%20Guidelines_ENG.pdf
- Aviation Week Network. How Phoenix Air entered the “Ebola business” 2015 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://aviationweek.com/bca/how-phoenix-air-entered-ebola-business
- Scientific American. SARS outbreak isolators helped “Ebola Air” fly infected patients. 2014 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. www.scientificamerican.com/article/sars-outbreak-isolators-helped-ebola-air-fly-infected-patients/
- Global MRI. Containerized Bio-Containment Unit (CBCS). 2016 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://www.mriglobal.org/portfolio-item/containerized-bio-containment-unit-cbcs/
- Department of Health and Social Care, Public Health England. (2014) Management of Hazard Group 4 viral haemorrhagic fevers and similar human infectious diseases of high consequence. November 2014 [cited 2018 Nov 6]. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/534002/Management_of_VHF_A.pdf
- Otter JA, Mepham S, Athan B, Mack D, Smith R, Jacobs M, et al. Terminal decontamination of the Royal Free London’s high-level isolation unit after a case of Ebola virus disease using hydrogen peroxide vapor. Am J Infect Control. 2016;44:233–5.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=26521699&dopt=Abstract DOIGoogle Scholar
- World Health Organization. International health regulations (2005), second edition. 2005 [cited 2018 Nov 1]. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241580410_eng.pdf
Page created: December 18, 2018
Page updated: December 18, 2018
Page reviewed: December 18, 2018
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.