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Volume 25, Number 11—November 2019
Research

Seasonal Influenza and Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Surveillance among Inpatients and Outpatients, East Jakarta, Indonesia, 2011–2014

Kathryn E. Lafond1Comments to Author , Catharina Y. Praptiningsih1, Amalya Mangiri, Misriyah Syarif, Romadona Triada, Ester Mulyadi, Chita Septiawati, Vivi Setiawaty, Gina Samaan, Aaron D. Storms, Timothy M. Uyeki, and A. Danielle Iuliano
Author affiliations: University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland (K.E. Lafond); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (K.E. Lafond, A.D. Storms, T.M. Uyeki, A.D. Iuliano); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Jakarta, Indonesia (C.Y. Praptiningsih, A. Mangiri, E. Mulyadi); Ministry of Health, Jakarta (M. Syarif, R. Triada, C. Septiawati, V. Setiawaty); Australian National University, Canberra, Capital Territory, Australia (G. Samaan)

Main Article

Table 3

Characteristics of case-patients with SARI, by influenza virus positivity, East Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2011–September 2014*

Characteristic Influenza virus positive
p value
Yes, n = 571 No, n = 3,240
Sex 0.816
M 310 (54) 1,742 (54)
F
261 (46)
1,498 (46)
Age, y†
<5 164 (29) 1,109 (34)
5–17 111 (19) 503 (16)
18–49 186 (33) 1,065 (33)
50–64 78 (14) 364 (11)
>65
32 (6)
199 (6)
Age, y, median (IQR) 21 (4–43) 18 (2–40) 0.019
Time from illness onset to admission, d, median (IQR) 3 (2–4) 3 (2–5) 0.020
Time from illness onset to specimen collection, d, median (IQR)
5 (4–6)
5 (4–7)
0.012
Concurrent medical conditions
>1 123 (22) 779 (24) 0.195
Asthma 55 (10) 253 (8) 0.294
Tuberculosis 43 (8) 345 (11) 0.045
Diabetes
27 (5)
141 (4)
0.007
Influenza vaccination in past year 2 (0) 36 (1) 0.066
Pregnancy‡ 5/93 (5) 22/568 (4) 0.497
Current smoker 75 (13) 466 (14) 0.7
Elevated respiratory rate§ 139 (24) 1,061 (33) <0.001
Chest radiograph–confirmed pneumonia¶
177/481 (37)
1,153/2,799 (41)
0.07
Met Indonesia case definition for suspected influenza A(H5N1) virus infection#
97 (17)
721 (22)
0.005
Sought care before admission** 0.007
Yes 180/276 (65) 1,112/1,514 (73)
No
96/276 (35)
402/1,514 (27)
Primary discharge diagnosis available 517 (91) 2,912 (90) 0.625
Pneumonia 132/517 (26) 996/2,912 (34) <0.001
Typhoid 103/517 (20) 303/2,912 (10)
Unspecified febrile Illness 57/517 (11) 189/2,912 (6)
Upper respiratory tract infection 43/517 (8) 235/2,912 (8)
Tuberculosis
32/517 (6)
311/2,912 (11)
Discharge form completed 568 (99) 3,211 (99) 0.465
Medication during hospitalization
Antimicrobial drugs 554/568 (98) 3,093/3,211 (96) 0.14
Oseltamivir 14/568 (2) 22/3,211 (1) <0.001
Corticosteroid 10/568 (2) 116/3,211 (4) 0.064
Intensive care unit 6/568 (1) 101/3,211 (3) 0.006
Mechanical ventilation 6/568 (1) 76/3,211 (2) 0.049
Length of hospitalization, d, median (IQR) 4 (3–6) 5 (3–8) <0.001
Outcome 0.075
Recovered 550/568 (97) 3,022/3,211 (94)
Died 10/568 (2) 103/3,211 (3)
Other†† 8/568 (1) 86/3,211 (3)

*Values are no. (%), except where indicated. SARI was defined as stated in the text. IQR, interquartile range; SARI, severe acute respiratory infection.
†Percentages in group do not always add up to 100% because of rounding.
‡Among female case-patients 15–49 years of age.
§Defined as described in the text.
¶Among those with a chest radiograph performed.
#Acute lower respiratory tract illness with fever and recent exposure to poultry (i.e., touching healthy, sick, or dead poultry or poultry products; slaughtering or cleaning poultry; or contact with chicken manure) or a human with a suspected H5N1 virus infection within 7 days of illness onset.
**Among those for which prehospitalization care-seeking behaviors were known.
††Includes forced discharge and referrals.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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Page updated: October 16, 2019
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