Volume 25, Number 11—November 2019
Research
Seasonal Influenza and Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Surveillance among Inpatients and Outpatients, East Jakarta, Indonesia, 2011–2014
, Catharina Y. Praptiningsih1, Amalya Mangiri, Misriyah Syarif, Romadona Triada, Ester Mulyadi, Chita Septiawati, Vivi Setiawaty, Gina Samaan, Aaron D. Storms, Timothy M. Uyeki, and A. Danielle Iuliano
Table 3
Characteristics of case-patients with SARI, by influenza virus positivity, East Jakarta, Indonesia, October 2011–September 2014*
| Characteristic | Influenza virus positive |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes, n = 571 | No, n = 3,240 | ||
| Sex | 0.816 |
||
| M | 310 (54) | 1,742 (54) | |
| F |
261 (46) |
1,498 (46) |
|
| Age, y† | |||
| <5 | 164 (29) | 1,109 (34) | |
| 5–17 | 111 (19) | 503 (16) | |
| 18–49 | 186 (33) | 1,065 (33) | |
| 50–64 | 78 (14) | 364 (11) | |
| >65 |
32 (6) |
199 (6) |
|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 21 (4–43) | 18 (2–40) | 0.019 |
| Time from illness onset to admission, d, median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–5) | 0.020 |
| Time from illness onset to specimen collection, d, median (IQR) |
5 (4–6) |
5 (4–7) |
0.012 |
| Concurrent medical conditions | |||
| >1 | 123 (22) | 779 (24) | 0.195 |
| Asthma | 55 (10) | 253 (8) | 0.294 |
| Tuberculosis | 43 (8) | 345 (11) | 0.045 |
| Diabetes |
27 (5) |
141 (4) |
0.007 |
| Influenza vaccination in past year | 2 (0) | 36 (1) | 0.066 |
| Pregnancy‡ | 5/93 (5) | 22/568 (4) | 0.497 |
| Current smoker | 75 (13) | 466 (14) | 0.7 |
| Elevated respiratory rate§ | 139 (24) | 1,061 (33) | <0.001 |
| Chest radiograph–confirmed pneumonia¶ |
177/481 (37) |
1,153/2,799 (41) |
0.07 |
| Met Indonesia case definition for suspected influenza A(H5N1) virus infection# |
97 (17) |
721 (22) |
0.005 |
| Sought care before admission** | 0.007 |
||
| Yes | 180/276 (65) | 1,112/1,514 (73) | |
| No |
96/276 (35) |
402/1,514 (27) |
|
| Primary discharge diagnosis available | 517 (91) | 2,912 (90) | 0.625 |
| Pneumonia | 132/517 (26) | 996/2,912 (34) | <0.001 |
| Typhoid | 103/517 (20) | 303/2,912 (10) | |
| Unspecified febrile Illness | 57/517 (11) | 189/2,912 (6) | |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 43/517 (8) | 235/2,912 (8) | |
| Tuberculosis |
32/517 (6) |
311/2,912 (11) |
|
| Discharge form completed | 568 (99) | 3,211 (99) | 0.465 |
| Medication during hospitalization | |||
| Antimicrobial drugs | 554/568 (98) | 3,093/3,211 (96) | 0.14 |
| Oseltamivir | 14/568 (2) | 22/3,211 (1) | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroid | 10/568 (2) | 116/3,211 (4) | 0.064 |
| Intensive care unit | 6/568 (1) | 101/3,211 (3) | 0.006 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 6/568 (1) | 76/3,211 (2) | 0.049 |
| Length of hospitalization, d, median (IQR) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (3–8) | <0.001 |
| Outcome | 0.075 | ||
| Recovered | 550/568 (97) | 3,022/3,211 (94) | |
| Died | 10/568 (2) | 103/3,211 (3) | |
| Other†† | 8/568 (1) | 86/3,211 (3) | |
*Values are no. (%), except where indicated. SARI was defined as stated in the text. IQR, interquartile range; SARI, severe acute respiratory infection.
†Percentages in group do not always add up to 100% because of rounding.
‡Among female case-patients 15–49 years of age.
§Defined as described in the text.
¶Among those with a chest radiograph performed.
#Acute lower respiratory tract illness with fever and recent exposure to poultry (i.e., touching healthy, sick, or dead poultry or poultry products; slaughtering or cleaning poultry; or contact with chicken manure) or a human with a suspected H5N1 virus infection within 7 days of illness onset.
**Among those for which prehospitalization care-seeking behaviors were known.
††Includes forced discharge and referrals.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.