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Volume 25, Number 12—December 2019
Dispatch

Divergent Barmah Forest Virus from Papua New Guinea

Leon CalyComments to Author , Paul F. Horwood, Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna, Stacey Lynch, Andrew R. Greenhill, William Pomat, Glennis Rai, Debbie Kisa, Grace Bande, Julian Druce, and Mohammad Y. AbdadComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory of Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (L. Caly, J. Druce); James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (P.F. Horwood); Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (D. Vijaykrishna); AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (S. Lynch); Federation University Australia, Gippsland, Victoria, Australia (A.R. Greenhill); Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea (W. Pomat, G. Rai, D. Kisa); Divine Word University, Madang, Papua New Guinea (G. Bande); National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore (M.Y. Abdad)

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Figure 2

Phylogenetic relationships between 9 full-length (1,263 nt) Barmah Forest virus (BFV) envelope (E) protein genes. A) Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed from 8 full-length Australia BFV E2 (blue) and a BFV E2 from an isolate from a child in Papua New Guinea (red) by using the best-fit nucleotide substitution model in IQ-Tree version 1.5 (11). Bootstrap values were estimated by using 1,000 replicates; percentages are indicated on branch nodes. Inset table shows E2 nucleotide divergen

Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships between 9 full-length (1,263 nt) Barmah Forest virus (BFV) envelope (E) protein genes. A) Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed from 8 full-length Australia BFV E2 sequences (blue) and a BFV E2 sequences from an isolate from a child in Papua New Guinea (red) by using the best-fit nucleotide substitution model in IQ-Tree version 1.5 (11). Bootstrap values were estimated by using 1,000 replicates; percentages are indicated on branch nodes. Inset table shows E2 nucleotide divergence compared with that for prototype strain BH2193 (RefSeq accession no. NC_001786.1). Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. B) Molecular clock analysis using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method in BEAST (12) for 9 complete BFV E2 sequences (blue) spanning 1974–2016. Red indicates BFV from an isolate from a child in Papua New Guinea. Green lines indicate 95% CIs. Inset shows temporal analysis of root-to-tip linear regression by using TempEst version 1.5 (13). Slope, 1.98 × 10−4; X-intercept, 1914.2; correlation coefficient, 0.86; R2, 0.743; residual mean squared, 2.76 × 10−6. NSW, New South Wales; VIC, Victoria.

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