Volume 25, Number 3—March 2019
Synopsis
University-Based Outbreaks of Meningococcal Disease Caused by Serogroup B, United States, 2013–2018
Table 1
University-based outbreaks of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B, United States, 2013–2018
State of university |
Outbreak period |
No. cases (deaths) |
Approximate no. undergraduates |
Clonal complex of outbreak strain |
Sequence type of outbreak strain |
References |
New Jersey | 2013 Mar–2014 Mar | 9 (1)* | 5,000 | 41/44 | 409 | (15,16) |
California | 2013 Nov | 4† | 19,000 | 32 | 32 | (17) |
Rhode Island | 2015 Jan–Feb | 2 | 3,700 | Unassigned | 9069 | (18–21) |
Oregon | 2015 Jan–May | 7 (1)‡ | 20,000 | 32 | 32 | (22,23) |
California | 2016 Jan–Feb | 2§ | 5,000 | 32 | 11910 | (24) |
New Jersey | 2016 Mar–Apr | 2 | 35,000 | 11 | 11 | (25) |
Wisconsin | 2016 Oct | 3 | 30,000 | 32 | 11556 | (26,27) |
Oregon | 2016 Nov–2017 Nov | 5 | 25,000 | 32 | 32 | (28) |
Massachusetts¶ | 2017 Oct–2018 Feb | 3 | 26,000 | 41/44 | 41 | (29) |
Pennsylvania | 2017 Nov | 2# | 3,600 | 32** | 8758** |
*Two of the cases occurred in close contacts of undergraduate students at the outbreak-affected university: 1 in a high school student who stayed in an undergraduate dormitory and 1 in a student at a different university.
†One additional associated case that occurred in March 2013 was identified after retrospective case review. An additional case occurred 2 years later in a close contact of an undergraduate student who may have been connected to this outbreak.
‡One case occurred in a close contact of undergraduate students at the outbreak-affected university.
§One additional suspected case with inconclusive lab results occurred in February 2016 in a student previously vaccinated with 2 doses of MenB vaccine and who received antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis the day before symptom onset.
¶Cases occurred at 2 universities in a college consortium in the same geographic area. The first 2 cases occurred at University 1 and the third case occurred at University 2.
#Cases were close contacts and members of the same athletic team.
**An isolate was available for only 1 of the 2 cases, so typing results refer to the single case isolate.
References
- Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics, Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS. Meningococcal infections. Itasca (IL): American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018 [cited 2018 Nov 13]. https://redbook.solutions.aap.org/chapter.aspx?sectionid=189640131&bookid=2205
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal disease surveillance. 2018 [cited 2018 Nov 13]. https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/surveillance/index.html
- Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Clark TA, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Briere EZ, Meissner HC, et al.; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013;62(RR-2):1–28.PubMed
- Food and Drug Administration. Bexsero US package insert. Washington (DC): The Administration; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 9]. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM431447.pdf
- Food and Drug Administration. Trumenba US package insert. Washington (DC): The Administration; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 9]. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM421139.pdf
- Folaranmi T, Rubin L, Martin SW, Patel M, MacNeil JR; Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in persons aged ≥10 years at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:608–12.PubMed
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal disease and college students. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000;49(RR-7):13–20.PubMed
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidance for the evaluation and public health management of suspected outbreaks of meningococcal disease. 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 9]. https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/downloads/meningococcal-outbreak-guidance.pdf
- Soeters HM, Whaley M, Alexander-Scott N, Kanadanian KV, MacNeil JR, Martin SW, et al.; Rhode Island Meningococcal Carriage Evaluation Team. Meningococcal carriage evaluation in response to a serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak and mass vaccination campaign at a college—Rhode Island, 2015–2016. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64:1115–22. DOIPubMed
- Soeters HM, McNamara LA, Whaley M, Wang X, Alexander-Scott N, Kanadanian KV, et al.; Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak and carriage evaluation at a college—Rhode Island, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:606–7.PubMed
- Fiorito TM, Baird GL, Alexander-Scott N, Bornschein S, Kelleher C, Du N, et al. Adverse events following vaccination with bivalent rLP2086 (Trumenba®): an observational, longitudinal study during a college outbreak and a systematic review. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018;37:e13–9.PubMed
- McNamara LA, Thomas JD, MacNeil J, Chang HY, Day M, Fisher E, et al.; Oregon Meningococcal Carriage Team. Meningococcal carriage following a vaccination campaign with MenB-4C and MenB-FHbp in response to a university serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak—Oregon, 2015–2016. J Infect Dis. 2017;216:1130–40. DOIPubMed
- Schauer S. A serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak on a Wisconsin university campus and the mass vaccine campaign response—communication. Presented at: 48th National Immunization Conference; 2018 May 15–17; Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Haubenreiser J, Dunn A. Managing meningococcal disease outbreaks in the university setting: Oregon State University and the State of Oregon Partnership and Response. Presented at: 48th National Immunization Conference; 2018 May 15–17; Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Becker A. Meningitis on campus: reaching students during a meningitis-B outbreak. Presented at: 23rd Annual Massachusetts Adult Immunization Conference; 2018 Apr 10; Marlborough, MA, USA.
- MacDougall DM, Langley JM, Li L, Ye L, MacKinnon-Cameron D, Top KA, et al.; Canadian Immunization Research Network. Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of university students, faculty, and staff during a meningococcal serogroup B outbreak vaccination program. Vaccine. 2017;35:2520–30. DOIPubMed
- Oliver S. Meningococcal vaccine policies among colleges and universities—United States, 2017. Presented at: 48th National Immunization Conference; 2018 May 15–17; Atlanta, GA, USA.
1Members of the group are listed at the end of this article.