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Volume 26, Number 3—March 2020
Dispatch

Diphtheria Outbreaks in Schools in Central Highland Districts, Vietnam, 2015–2018

Noriko Kitamura, Thao T.T. Le, Lien T. Le, Luong D. Nguyen, Anh T. Dao, Thanh T. Hoang, Keisuke Yoshihara, Makiko Iijima, Tran M. The, Hung M. Do, Huy X. Le, Hung T. Do, Anh D. Dang, Mai Q. Vien, and Lay-Myint YoshidaComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan (N. Kitamura, K. Yoshihara, L.-M. Yoshida); Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Vietnam (T.T.T. Le, L.T. Le, L.D. Nguyen, A.T. Dao, T.T. Hoang, T.M. The, H.M. Do, H.X. Le, H.T. Do, M.Q. Vien); World Health Organization Representative Office for Vietnam, EPI, Hanoi, Vietnam (M. Iijima); National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi (A.D. Dang)

Main Article

Table 2

Epidemiologic link and MLST results for 34 confirmed or epidemiologically linked case-patients with diphtheria, central highlands of Vietnam, 2015–2018*

District Date of symptom onset Patient age, y/sex Epidemiologic link Vaccine status† Died Culture result PCR ST Biotype Case
Phuoc Son
 2015 Jun 30 26/F Patient 1 UNK X ǂ ǂ Linked
2015 Jun 30 18/M UNK – § Linked
2015 Jul 4 17/F UNK X – § Linked
2015 Jul 4 27/M Patient 1’s husband UNK + +§ 67 mitis Confirmed
2015 Jul 4 16/M UNK – § Linked
2015 Jul 5 7/M Patient 1’s son UNK – § Linked
2015 Jul 5 20/M UNK – § Linked
2015 Jul 8 45/M UNK – § Linked
2015 Jul 9 1/F UNK – § Linked
2015 Jul 14 14/M UNK + +§ 67 mitis Confirmed
2015 Jul 14
 9/F
UNK
–
 §
Linked
Tay Giang
 2017 Jan 10 16/M Tay Giang HS
 UNK X ǂ ǂ Linked
2017 Jan 10
 17/M
 UNK
 X
 +
 +
 243
 mitis
 Confirmed
Son Tay
 2017 Mar 15
 13/M
3
 X
 +
 +
 209
 mitis
 Confirmed
Tay Giang
 2017 Apr 20 7/M 4 X + + 243 mitis Confirmed
2017 Apr 22 15/F UNK + + 243 mitis Confirmed
2017 Apr 25 7/M Gari PS UNK + + 243 mitis Confirmed
2017 May 20 10/M Patient 2 (Gari SS) UNK + + 243 mitis Confirmed
2017 May 20 10/M Gari SS 3 + + 243 mitis Confirmed
2017 May 23
 15/M
 Patient 2’s brother’s friend
 0
+
 +
 243
 mitis
 Confirmed
Bac Tra My
 2017 Sep 5
 5/F
UNK
–
 +
 209
Confirmed
Nam Tra My
 2017 Sep 27 12/M Tra Van SS UNK + + 209 mitis Confirmed
2017 Sep 27 8/M Tra Van PS
 0 X + + 209 mitis Confirmed
2017 Sep 30 9/F 0 – + 209 Confirmed
2017 Sep 30 10/F 0 – + 209 Confirmed
2017 Sep 30 8/F 0 – + 209 Confirmed
2017 Oct 3 11/F 0 + + 209 mitis Confirmed
2017 Oct 3
 10/M
 0
+
 +
 209
 mitis
 Confirmed
Nam Tra My
 2017 Oct 8 12/F Tra Vinh SS
 UNK – + 67 Confirmed
2017 Oct 12
 13/M
 UNK
+
 +
 67
 mitis
 Confirmed
Son Tay
 2017 Dec 24
 3/F
UNK
+
 +
 244
 gravis
 Confirmed
Nam Tra My 2018 Apr 17 4/M Man Di SS 2 X – + 67 intermed Confirmed
2018 Apr 24 4/M 3 + 1 SIA + + 67 Linked
2018 Apr 24 5/F 1 + 1 SIA – + 67 Linked

*Biotypes are of Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria. HS, high school; MLST, multilocus sequence typing; SIA, supplemental immunization activity; PS, primary school; SS, secondary school; ST, sequence type; UNK, unknown; –, negative; +, positive.
†The time of last vaccination was infancy or at 1 y of age according to the vaccination program in Vietnam. SIA dose was given October 30, 2017, for the last 2 case-patients.
‡Culture and PCR were not performed for these persons because their samples were not collected.
§PCR was not conducted for these 10 case-patients because this technique was not available during 2015. Stored isolates from 2 culture-positive case-patients were tested by PCR in 2017.

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Page created: February 20, 2020
Page updated: February 20, 2020
Page reviewed: February 20, 2020
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