Table 1

Effects of Air Pollution and Other Environmental Exposures on Estimates of Severe Influenza Illness, Washington, USA

Ranjani Somayaji, Moni B. Neradilek, Adam A. Szpiro, Kathryn H. Lofy, Michael L. Jackson, Christopher H. Goss, Jeffrey S. Duchin, Kathleen M. Neuzil, and Justin R. Ortiz

Author affiliations: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R. Somayaji); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (R. Somayaji, A.A. Szpiro, C.H. Goss, J.S. Duchin); The Mountain-Whisper-Light Statistics, Seattle (M.B. Neradilek); Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, Washington, USA (K.H. Lofy); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (M.L. Jackson); Seattle & King County Public Health, Seattle (J.S. Duchin); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (K.M. Neuzil, J.R. Ortiz)

Main Article

Influenza-associated respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations by age group modeled with and without environmental covariates, October 2001–December 2012*

Model type and age group	All influenza-attributable events	All influenza-attributable events/100,000 person-years	Influenza A–attributable events†	Influenza A–attributable events/100,000 person-years†	Influenza B–attributable events	Influenza B– attributable events/100,000 person-years
Without environmental covariates‡
0–6 mo	254	118.7	342	159.9	−92	−42.9
7–23 mo	88	13.8	176	27.6	−90	−14.1
2–4 y	218	17.5	242	19.4	−25	−2.0
5–14 y	735	17.5	547	13.0	199	4.7
15–49 y	2,108	12.4	1,835	10.8	276	1.6
50–64 y	2,204	37.3	1,849	31.3	358	6.1
>65 y	5,376	157.0	2,782	81.3	2,609	76.2
With environmental covariates‡
0–6 mo	239	111.9	308	143.9	−71	−33.2
7–23 mo	87	13.6	174	27.2	−89	−13.9
2–4 y	215	17.2	240	19.3	−26	−2.1
5–14 y	741	17.6	571	13.6	181	4.3
15–49 y	1,885	11.1	1,618	9.5	270	1.6
50–64 y	2,064	34.9	1,667	28.2	401	6.8
>65 y	5,043	147.3	2,371	69.3	2,685	78.4

*The number of all influenza-attributable events is not equal to the sum of influenza A and influenza B events because the 2 types of influenza exposure are not independent and their attribution can overlap.
†We could not discern between influenza A(H3N2) and influenza A(H1N1) because of testing limitations over the study period.
‡Environmental covariates included daily averages of temperature, relative humidity, dew point, and particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μm.

Main Article

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Page updated: April 16, 2020

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