Volume 26, Number 5—May 2020
Research
Effects of Air Pollution and Other Environmental Exposures on Estimates of Severe Influenza Illness, Washington, USA
Table 3
Secondary analysis of population attributable risk (PAR) of influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations by age group modeled with and without environmental covariates, September 2007–December 2012
Model type | Age group |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–6 mo | 7–23 mo | 2–4 y | 5–14 y | 15–49 y | 50–64 y | ≥65 y | |
Without environmental covariates* | |||||||
All influenza and RSV, % | 14.0 (10.0–17.6) | 6.5 (2.0–10.6) | 6.9 (2.6–10.9) | 8.3 (5.1–11.3) | 1.2 (0.2–2.3) | 1.4 (0.1–2.6) | 0.6 (−0.4 to 1.5) |
Influenza A,† % | 1.9 (−0.1 to 3.9) | 2.7 (0.4–5.0) | 2.7 (0.5–4.6) | 5.8 (4.0–7.5) | 0.7 (0.2–1.2) | 0.6 (−0.0 to 1.1) | 0.0 (−0.5 to 0.5) |
Influenza B, % | −0.4 (−1.9 to 1.0) | −0.9 (−2.5 to 0.6) | 0.2 (−1.1 to 1.4) | 1.7 (0.7–2.7) | −0.0 (−0.3 to 0.3) | 0.2 (−0.1 to 0.6) | 0.4 (0.1–0.7) |
RSV, % |
12.8
(9.4–15.8) |
4.8
(1.0–8.0) |
4.2
(0.9–7.6) |
1.1
(−1.8 to 3.8) |
0.5
(−0.3 to 1.3) |
0.6
(−0.4 to 1.6) |
0.2
(−0.6 to 1.0) |
With environmental covariates* | |||||||
All influenza and RSV, % | 12.9 (8.6–16.7) | 6.9 (2.3–10.9) | 7.4 (3.0–11.6) | 10.2 (6.9–13.4) | 1.7 (0.6–2.7) | 1.9 (0.6–3.1) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) |
Influenza A,† % | 2.0 (0.0–4.0) | 2.8 (0.4–5.0) | 3.1 (1.0–5.0) | 6.1 (4.3–7.8) | 0.6 (0.1–1.1) | 0.5 (−0.1 to 1.0) | −0.1 (−0.6 to 0.4) |
Influenza B, % | −0.4 (−1.8 to 1.0) | −1.0 (−2.6 to 0.6) | −0.0 (−1.3 to 1.2) | 1.6 (0.6–2.6) | −0.0 (−0.3 to 0.3) | 0.2 (−0.1 to 0.5) | 0.4 (0.1–0.7) |
RSV, % |
11.5
(8.1–14.6) |
5.1
(1.3–8.6) |
4.4
(0.8–8.2) |
2.8
(−0.1 to 5.6) |
1.1
(0.2–2.0) |
1.2
(0.1–2.2) |
0.7
(−0.1–1.5) |
Risk difference‡ | |||||||
All influenza | −1.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Influenza A† | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | −0.1 | −0.1 | −0.1 |
Influenza B | 0 | −0.1 | −0.2 | −0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
RSV | −1.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
*Environmental covariates included daily averages of temperature, relative humidity, dew point, and particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μm.
†We could not discern between influenza A(H3N2) and influenza A(H1N1) because of testing limitations over the study period.
‡With covariates minus without covariates.