Volume 26, Number 5—May 2020
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Food Safety and Invasive Cronobacter Infections during Early Infancy, 1961–2018
, Haley Martin, Cheryl Tarr, Kelley Hise, Sarah Collier, and Anna Bowen
Table 2
Characteristics of 183 infants with invasive Cronobacter infection, overall and by clinical syndrome type, geographic location, and reporting period, 1961–2018*
| Characteristic* | Overall | Syndrome type |
United States |
Outside United States |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteremia | Meningitis | 1st–3rd quarters, 1961–2003 | 4th quarter, 2004–2018 | 1st–3rd quarters, 1961–2003 | 4th quarter, 2004–2018 | ||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| F | 50/103 (49) | 20/35 (57) | 30/68 (44) | 7/17 (44) | 24/49 (49) | 9/19 (53) | 9/18 (50) | ||
| M |
53/103 (51) |
15/35 (43) |
38/68 (56) |
10/17 (56) |
25/49 (51) |
10/19 (47) |
9/18 (50) |
||
| Cesarean delivery | 33/58 (57) | 13/19 (68) | 20/39 (51) | 2/5 (40) | 20/24 (48) | 7/10 (70) | 0/1 (100) | ||
| Died | 42/112 (38) | 13/46 (28) | 29/66 (44) | 4/21 (19) | 9/42 (21) | 14/27 (52) | 14/21 (67) | ||
| Neonatal onset | 100/150 (67) | 36/55 (65) | 64/95 (67) | 16/24 (67) | 40/55 (73) | 19/20 (95) | 16/20 (80) | ||
| Median onset age, d | 13 (7–28) | 17 (9–33) | 11 (6–22) | 20 (10–35) | 16.5 (11–30) | 5 (4–14) | 11.5 (5–60) | ||
| Median EGA, wks | 36 (31–40) | 31 (27–39) | 36 (32.2–39) | 32 (30–36) | 37 (32.2–39) | 37 (32–40) | 31 (27.7–40) | ||
| Median birthweight, g | 2,155 (1,400–2,948) | 1,626 (1,044–2,845) | 2,514 (1,843–2,989) | 1,475 (900–2,477) | 2,594 (1,815–3,118) | 2,277 (1,545–2,775) | 1,570 (1,269–1,980) | ||
| Community onset | 57/119 (48) | 32/48 (67) | 41/71 (58) | 8/18 (44) | 42/54 (77) | 2/25 (8) | 5/22 (23) | ||
| Full-term birth | 41/100 (41) | 11/33 (33) | 30/67 (45) | 4/18(22) | 27/48 (57) | 10/20 (50) | 1/15 (7) | ||
| Late preterm birth | 29/100 (29) | 4/33 (12) | 25/67 (37) | 5/18 (27) | 13/48 (27) | 6/20 (30) | 6/15 (40) | ||
| Early preterm birth | 30/100 (30) | 18/33 (55) | 12/66 (18) | 9/18 (50) | 9/48 (19) | 4/20 (20) | 8/15 (53) | ||
| Outbreak-associated | 33/125 (26) | 11/47(23) | 22/78(28) | 4/21 (19) | 2/53 (4) | 20/29 (69) | 7/22 (32) | ||
*Values are no. (%) or median (interquartile range). Neonatal onset defined as <28 d after birth; full-term birth was ≥37 weeks EGA; late preterm birth, 32–37 weeks EGA; early preterm birth, <32 weeks EGA. Outbreak-associated was defined as a clinical isolate’s pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern indistinguishable from that of another case (invasive, noninvasive, or colonized) or if detected in proximity with other cases both temporally (within 6 mo) and spatially (in the same home or hospital). Bold type indicates statistical significance (p<0.05) between reporting periods or syndrome types. EGA, estimated gestational age.