Volume 26, Number 9—September 2020
Research
Evaluation of World Health Organization–Recommended Hand Hygiene Formulations
Table
Immediate and 3-hour effects after 3-minute application of modified WHO formulations compared with 3-minute applications of reference surgical hand antiseptic treatment according to European Norm 12791
Formulation | Immediate effect |
3-hour effect |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean log10 reduction | Hodges-Lehmann upper 97.5% confidence limit† | Mean log10 reduction | Hodges-Lehmann upper 97.5% confidence limit‡ | ||
WHO I modified with ethanol | 2.99 ± 1.03 | 0.03 n.i. | 1.95 ± 0.97 | 0.55 n.i. | |
WHO II modified with isopropanol | 2.95 ± 1.03 | 0.23 n.i. | 2.17 ± 1·48 | 0.47 n.i. | |
Reference | 2.64 ± 0.93 | Not applicable | 2.02 ± 1.06 | Not applicable |
*n = 24 study participants. n.i., noninferior versus reference; WHO, World Health Organization.
†With an agreed inferiority margin of 0.75 log10.
‡With an agreed inferiority margin of 0.85 log10.