Volume 27, Number 12—December 2021
Dispatch
Potential Mosquito Vectors for Shuni Virus, South Africa, 2014–2018
Figure 2

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of SHUV-positive homogenate mosquito pools, South Africa, January 2014–May 2018 (black dots), based on 32 sequences and 328 bp of the nucleocapsid gene on the small segment. The tree was constructed with MEGA 7 software (https://www.megasoftware.net) by using the maximum-likelihood method and the Kimura 2-parameter model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and includes members of the Simbu serogroup. The tree with the highest log likelihood (−299.13) is shown. GenBank accession numbers are indicated for the new and reference strains, which were selected from SHUV strains identified in South Africa among horses and wildlife (4,9) as well as strains from Nigeria and Israel available in GenBank. Numbers on internal branches indicate bootstrap values. RSA, South Africa; SHUV, Shuni virus.
References
- Hughes HR, Adkins S, Alkhovskiy S, Beer M, Blair C, Calisher CH, et al.; Ictv Report Consortium. ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Peribunyaviridae. J Gen Virol. 2020;101:1–2. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Causey OR, Kemp GE, Causey CE, Lee VH. Isolations of Simbu-group viruses in Ibadan, Nigeria 1964-69, including the new types Sango, Shamonda, Sabo and Shuni. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1972;66:357–62. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Golender N, Brenner J, Valdman M, Khinich Y, Bumbarov V, Panshin A, et al. Malformations caused by Shuni virus in ruminants, Israel, 2014–2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:2267–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- van Eeden C, Williams JH, Gerdes TG, van Wilpe E, Viljoen A, Swanepoel R, et al. Shuni virus as cause of neurologic disease in horses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:318–21. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Motlou T, Venter M. Shuni virus in cases of neurological diseases in humans, South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;27:567–9.
- Möhlmann TWR, Oymans J, Wichgers Schreur PJ, Koenraadt CJM, Kortekaas J, Vogels CBF. Vector competence of biting midges and mosquitoes for Shuni virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12:
e0006993 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar - Gorsich EE, Beechler BR, van Bodegom PM, Govender D, Guarido MM, Venter M, et al. A comparative assessment of adult mosquito trapping methods to estimate spatial patterns of abundance and community composition in southern Africa. Parasit Vectors. 2019;12:462. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Bowen MD, Trappier SG, Sanchez AJ, Meyer RF, Goldsmith CS, Zaki SR, et al.; RVF Task Force. A reassortant bunyavirus isolated from acute hemorrhagic fever cases in Kenya and Somalia. Virology. 2001;291:185–90. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol. 1994;3:294–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Guarido MM, Riddin MA, Johnson T, Braack LEO, Schrama M, Gorsich EE, et al. Aedes species (Diptera: Culicidae) ecological and host feeding patterns in the north-eastern parts of South Africa, 2014-2018. Parasit Vectors. 2021;14:339. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Sharp BL, Appleton CC, Thompson DL, Meenehan G. Anthropophilic mosquitoes at Richards Bay, Natal, and arbovirus antibodies in human residents. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81:197–201. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Muspratt J. The Stegomyia mosquitoes of South Africa and some neighbouring territories. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. 1956;4:1–138.
- Snyman J, Venter GJ, Venter M. An investigation of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as potential vectors of medically and veterinary important arboviruses in South Africa. Viruses. 2021;13:1978. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar