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Volume 27, Number 5—May 2021
Research

Active Case Finding of Current Bornavirus Infections in Human Encephalitis Cases of Unknown Etiology, Germany, 2018–2020

Philip Eisermann1, Dennis Rubbenstroth1, Daniel Cadar, Corinna Thomé-Bolduan, Petra Eggert, Alexander Schlaphof, Frank Leypoldt, Martin Stangel, Thorsten Fortwängler, Florian Hoffmann, Andreas Osterman, Sabine Zange, Hans-Helmut Niller, Klemens Angstwurm, Kirsten Pörtner, Christina Frank, Hendrik Wilking, Martin Beer, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, and Dennis TappeComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg, Germany (P. Eisermann, D. Cadar, C. Thomé-Bolduan, P. Eggert, A. Schlaphof, J. Schmidt-Chanasit, D. Tappe); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (D. Rubbenstroth, M. Beer); University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (F. Leypoldt); Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (M. Stangel); Donau-Isar-Klinikum Deggendorf, Deggendorf, Germany (T. Fortwängler); Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (F. Hoffmann); Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Munich (A. Osterman); German Center for Infection Research, Munich (A. Osterman); Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich (S. Zange); Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany (H.-H. Niller, K. Angstwurm); Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany (K. Pörtner); European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden (K. Pörtner); Robert Koch Institute, Berlin (K. Pörtner, C. Frank, H. Wilking)

Main Article

Figure 4

Phylogenetic analysis of BoDV-1 nucleotide sequences from virus-endemic areas, Germany. Shown are partial bornavirus sequences (nucleoprotein gene to phosphoprotein gene, 1,824 nt, representing genome positions 54–1877 of BoDV-1 reference genome U04608), including BoDV-1 sequences from animals and humans in virus-endemic regions in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. BoDV-2 was used as an outgroup. Analysis was performed by using the neighbor-joining algorithm and the Jukes–Cantor distance model in Geneious Prime (https://www.geneious.com) and the tree was rooted for the VSBV-1 clade. Human sequences are indicated in black. Sequences of cases 1–4 included in this study are indicated in bold. Values at branches represent support in 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Only bootstrap values >70 at major branches are shown. Cluster designations, host, and geographic origin are indicated according to previously published studies (2,7,8,12,17–23). Colors and numbers at right indicate clusters. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. AUT, Austria: UA, Upper Austria; ST, Styria. GER, Germany: BB, Brandenburg; BW, Baden-Wuerttemberg; BY, Bavaria; HE, Hesse; NI, Lower Saxony; RP, Rhineland-Palatinate; SN, Saxony; ST Saxony-Anhalt. LIE, Liechtenstein. SUI, Switzerland: GR, Grisons; SG, St. Gall.

Figure 4. Phylogenetic analysis of BoDV-1 nucleotide sequences from virus-endemic areas, Germany. Shown are partial bornavirus sequences (nucleoprotein gene to phosphoprotein gene, 1,824 nt, representing genome positions 54–1877 of BoDV-1 reference genome U04608), including BoDV-1 sequences from animals and humans in virus-endemic regions in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. BoDV-2 was used as an outgroup. Analysis was performed by using the neighbor-joining algorithm and the Jukes–Cantor distance model in Geneious Prime (https://www.geneious.com) and the tree was rooted for the VSBV-1 clade. Human sequences are indicated in black. Sequences of cases 1–4 included in this study are indicated in bold. Values at branches represent support in 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Only bootstrap values >70 at major branches are shown. Cluster designations, host, and geographic origin are indicated according to previously published studies (2,7,8,12,17–23). Colors and numbers at right indicate clusters. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. AUT, Austria: UA, Upper Austria; ST, Styria. GER, Germany: BB, Brandenburg; BW, Baden-Wuerttemberg; BY, Bavaria; HE, Hesse; NI, Lower Saxony; RP, Rhineland-Palatinate; SN, Saxony; ST Saxony-Anhalt. LIE, Liechtenstein. SUI, Switzerland: GR, Grisons; SG, St. Gall.

Main Article

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1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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Page updated: April 20, 2021
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