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Volume 27, Number 6—June 2021
Dispatch

Seroepidemiologic Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Logging Communities, Myanmar

Tierra Smiley EvansComments to Author , Theingi Win Myat, Nang Sarm Hom, Keersten Michelle Ricks, Min Thein Maw, Zaw Min Oo, Aung Than Toe, Nyein Thu Aung, Pyaephyo Aung, Tin Htun Aung, Paul Kuehnert, Kyaw Zin Thant, Ye Tun Win, Wai Zin Thein, Nicole Rae Gardner, Randal Joseph Schoepp, Christine Kreuder Johnson1, and Hlaing Myat Thu1
Author affiliations: University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA (T. Smiley Evans, A.T. Toe, N.T. Aung, N.R. Gardner, C.K. Johnson); Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar (T.W. Myat, N.S. Hom, H.M. Thu); US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA (K.M. Ricks, P. Kuehnert, R.J. Schoepp); Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon (M.T. Maw, Y.T. Win, W.Z. Thein); Myanmar Timber Enterprise, Yangon (Z.M. Oo); Nature Conservation Society Myanmar, Yangon (P. Aung, T.H. Aung); Myanmar Academy of Medical Science, Yangon (K.Z. Thant)

Main Article

Table 2

Distribution of seropositivity to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus among persons exposed to wild and domesticated animals in forest logging camp communities, Myanmar*

Risk factor
 Exposed no. persons seropositive/no. tested (%)
 Unexposed no. persons seropositive/no. tested (%)
 Bivariate model
 Multivariable model
OR
 p value
 OR
 p value
Hunted wildlife
Ungulate 2/27 (7.4) 8/75 (10.7) 0.67 1.0 NC NC
Bat 0/1 (0.0) 10/101 (9.9) 2.9† 1.0 NC NC
Rodent 0/1 (0.0) 10/101 (9.9) 2.9† 1.0 NC NC
Primate 2/16 (12.5) 8/86 (9.3) 1.39 0.66 NC NC
Pangolin 2/9 (22.2) 8/93 (8.6) 2.99 0.21 NC NC
Carnivore 1/9 (11.1) 9/93 (9.7) 1.16 1.0 NC NC
Any wild animal
 4/51 (7.8)
 6/51 (11.8)
 0.64
 0.74
 NC
 NC
Handled wildlife found dead
Ungulate 3/32 (9.4) 7/70 (10.0) 0.93 1.0 NC NC
Bat 1/3 (33.3) 9/99 (9.1) 4.86 0.27 NC NC
Rodent 1/4 (25.0) 9/98 (9.2) 3.24 0.34 NC NC
Primate 4/19 (21.1) 6/83 (7.2) 3.37 0.09 NC NC
Pangolin 1/6 (16.7) 9/96 (9.4) 1.92 0.47 NC NC
Carnivore 1/10 (10.0) 9/92 (9.8) 1.02 1.0 NC NC
Any wild animal
 8/76 (10.5)
 2/26 (7.7)
 1.41
 1.0
 NC
 NC
Handled recently slaughtered or live wildlife
Ungulate 4/26 (15.4) 6/76 (7.9) 2.1 0.27 NC NC
Bat 1/3 (33.3) 9/99 (9.1 4.86 0.27 NC NC
Rodent 1/5 (20.0) 9/97 (9.3) 2.42 0.41 NC NC
Primate 5/23 (21.7) 5/79 (6.3) 4.04 0.04 5.53‡ 0.020
Pangolin 2/10 (20.0) 8/92 (8.7) 2.59 0.25 NC NC
Carnivore 4/12 (33.3) 6/90 (6.7) 6.78 0.02 1.3‡ 0.004
Any wild animal
 10/88 (11.4)
 0/14 (0.0)
 3.88†
 0.35
 NC
 NC
Handled live domestic animals
Goats 0/6 (0.0) 10/96 (10.4) 0.63† 1.0 NC NC
Pigs 3/23 (13.0) 7/79 (8.9) 1.54 0.69 NC NC
Poultry 6/57 (10.5) 4/45 (8.9) 1.20 1.0 NC NC
Cattle 1/8 (12.5) 9/94 (9.6) 1.34 0.58 NC NC
Elephant 5/43 (11.6) 5/59 (8.5) 1.42 0.74 NC NC
Any domestic animal
 7/60 (11.7)
 3/42 (7.1)
 1.71
 0.52
 NC
 NC
Slaughtered domestic animals
Goats 0/0 (0.0) 10/102 (9.8) NC NC NC NC
Pigs 1/3 (33.3) 9/99 (9.1) 4.86 0.27 NC NC
Poultry 3/18 (16.7) 7/84 (8.3) 2.18 0.38 NC NC
Cattle 0/1 (0.0) 10/101 (9.9) 2.9† 1.0 NC NC
Any domestic animal 9/71 (12.7) 1/31 (3.2) 4.31 0.28
 NC NC

*NC, not calculated; OR, odds ratio. 
†Sample odds ratio calculated using unconditional maximum likelihood estimate method. 
‡Evaluated in separate multivariable models, adjusting for age.

Main Article

1These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: April 07, 2021
Page updated: May 18, 2021
Page reviewed: May 18, 2021
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