Volume 27, Number 6—June 2021
Online Report
Proposal for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nomenclature below the Species Level
Figure 4
References
- Shi T, McAllister DA, O’Brien KL, Simoes EAF, Madhi SA, Gessner BD, et al.; RSV Global Epidemiology Network. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet. 2017;390:946–58. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Nair H, Nokes DJ, Gessner BD, Dherani M, Madhi SA, Singleton RJ, et al. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375:1545–55. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Salimi V, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Yavarian J, Bont L, Mokhtari-Azad T. Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Iran. J Infect Public Health. 2016;9:125–35. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Stein RT, Bont LJ, Zar H, Polack FP, Park C, Claxton A, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:556–69. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- O’Brien KL, Baggett HC, Brooks WA, Feikin DR, Hammitt LL, Higdon MM, et al.; Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study Group. Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study. Lancet. 2019;394:757–79. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Falsey AR, Hennessey PA, Formica MA, Cox C, Walsh EE. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1749–59. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Rima B, Collins P, Easton A, Fouchier R, Kurath G, Lamb RA, et al.; Ictv Report Consortium. ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Pneumoviridae. J Gen Virol. 2017;98:2912–3. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Agoti CN, Phan MVT, Munywoki PK, Githinji G, Medley GF, Cane PA, et al. Genomic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infections in households and utility in inferring who infects the infant. Sci Rep. 2019;9:10076. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Trovao NS, Khuri-Bulos N, Tan Y, Puri V, Shilts MH, Halpin RA, et al. Molecular characterization of respiratory syncytial viruses circulating in a paediatric cohort in Amman, Jordan. Microb Genom. 2019 Sep 18 [Epub ahead of print].
- Geis S, Prifert C, Weissbrich B, Lehners N, Egerer G, Eisenbach C, et al. Molecular characterization of a respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a hematology unit in Heidelberg, Germany. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51:155–62. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Nabeya D, Kinjo T, Parrott GL, Uehara A, Motooka D, Nakamura S, et al. The clinical and phylogenetic investigation for a nosocomial outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in an adult hemato-oncology unit. J Med Virol. 2017;89:1364–72. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hall CB, Walsh EE, Schnabel KC, Long CE, McConnochie KM, Hildreth SW, et al. Occurrence of groups A and B of respiratory syncytial virus over 15 years: associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in hospitalized and ambulatory children. J Infect Dis. 1990;162:1283–90. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Malekshahi SS, Razaghipour S, Samieipoor Y, Hashemi FB, Manesh AAR, Izadi A, et al. Molecular characterization of the glycoprotein and fusion protein in human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup A: Emergence of ON-1 genotype in Iran. Infect Genet Evol. 2019;71:166–78. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Vos LM, Oosterheert JJ, Kuil SD, Viveen M, Bont LJ, Hoepelman AIM, et al. High epidemic burden of RSV disease coinciding with genetic alterations causing amino acid substitutions in the RSV G-protein during the 2016/2017 season in The Netherlands. J Clin Virol. 2019;112:20–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Pierangeli A, Viscido A, Bitossi C, Frasca F, Gentile M, Oliveto G, et al. Differential interferon gene expression in bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus-A genotype ON1. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl). 2020;209:23–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Vandini S, Biagi C, Lanari M. Respiratory syncytial virus: the influence of serotype and genotype variability on clinical course of infection. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:1717. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Laham FR, Mansbach JM, Piedra PA, Hasegawa K, Sullivan AF, Espinola JA, et al. Clinical profiles of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes A and B among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36:808–10. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Gilca R, De Serres G, Tremblay M, Vachon ML, Leblanc E, Bergeron MG, et al. Distribution and clinical impact of human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in hospitalized children over 2 winter seasons. J Infect Dis. 2006;193:54–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Martinello RA, Chen MD, Weibel C, Kahn JS. Correlation between respiratory syncytial virus genotype and severity of illness. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:839–42. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kuhn JH, Bao Y, Bavari S, Becker S, Bradfute S, Brister JR, et al. Virus nomenclature below the species level: a standardized nomenclature for laboratory animal-adapted strains and variants of viruses assigned to the family Filoviridae. Arch Virol. 2013;158:1425–32. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Matthijnssens J, Ciarlet M, McDonald SM, Attoui H, Bányai K, Brister JR, et al. Uniformity of rotavirus strain nomenclature proposed by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG). Arch Virol. 2011;156:1397–413. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Reconsideration of influenza A virus nomenclature: a WHO memorandum. Bull World Health Organ. 1979;57:227–33.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Collins PL, Fearns R, Graham BS. Respiratory syncytial virus: virology, reverse genetics, and pathogenesis of disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;372:3–38. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Collins PL, Karron RA. Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, Cohen JI, Griffin DE, Lamb RA, Martin MA, et al., editors. Fields Virology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013. p. 1086–123.
- Collins PL, Melero JA. Progress in understanding and controlling respiratory syncytial virus: still crazy after all these years. Virus Res. 2011;162:80–99. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Mufson MA, Orvell C, Rafnar B, Norrby E. Two distinct subtypes of human respiratory syncytial virus. J Gen Virol. 1985;66:2111–24. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Collins PL, Olmsted RA, Spriggs MK, Johnson PR, Buckler-White AJ. Gene overlap and site-specific attenuation of transcription of the viral polymerase L gene of human respiratory syncytial virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987;84:5134–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Mink MA, Stec DS, Collins PL. Nucleotide sequences of the 3′ leader and 5′ trailer regions of human respiratory syncytial virus genomic RNA. Virology. 1991;185:615–24. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- O’Leary NA, Wright MW, Brister JR, Ciufo S, Haddad D, McVeigh R, et al. Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(D1):D733–45. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Sayers EW, Beck J, Brister JR, Bolton EE, Canese K, Comeau DC, et al. Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48(D1):D9–16. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Karron RA, Buonagurio DA, Georgiu AF, Whitehead SS, Adamus JE, Clements-Mann ML, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) SH and G proteins are not essential for viral replication in vitro: clinical evaluation and molecular characterization of a cold-passaged, attenuated RSV subgroup B mutant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94:13961–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Martínez I, Dopazo J, Melero JA. Antigenic structure of the human respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein and relevance of hypermutation events for the generation of antigenic variants. J Gen Virol. 1997;78:2419–29. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Trento A, Ábrego L, Rodriguez-Fernandez R, González-Sánchez MI, González-Martínez F, Delfraro A, et al. Conservation of G-protein epitopes in respiratory syncytial virus (group A) despite broad genetic diversity: is antibody selection involved in virus evolution? J Virol. 2015;89:7776–85. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Melero JA, García-Barreno B, Martínez I, Pringle CR, Cane PA. Antigenic structure, evolution and immunobiology of human respiratory syncytial virus attachment (G) protein. J Gen Virol. 1997;78:2411–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Sullender WM, Mufson MA, Anderson LJ, Wertz GW. Genetic diversity of the attachment protein of subgroup B respiratory syncytial viruses. J Virol. 1991;65:5425–34. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Cane PA, Matthews DA, Pringle CR. Analysis of respiratory syncytial virus strain variation in successive epidemics in one city. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32:1–4. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Goya S, Galiano M, Nauwelaers I, Trento A, Openshaw PJ, Mistchenko AS, et al. Toward unified molecular surveillance of RSV: A proposal for genotype definition. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020;14:274–85. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Ramaekers K, Rector A, Cuypers L, Lemey P, Keyaerts E, Van Ranst M. Towards a unified classification for human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes. Virus Evol. 2020;6:veaa052.
- The GenBank Submissions Handbook. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2011.
- Collins PL, Dickens LE, Buckler-White A, Olmsted RA, Spriggs MK, Camargo E, et al. Nucleotide sequences for the gene junctions of human respiratory syncytial virus reveal distinctive features of intergenic structure and gene order. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986;83:4594–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Trento A, Casas I, Calderón A, Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo C, Perez-Breña P, et al. Ten years of global evolution of the human respiratory syncytial virus BA genotype with a 60-nucleotide duplication in the G protein gene. J Virol. 2010;84:7500–12. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Graham BS. Vaccine development for respiratory syncytial virus. Curr Opin Virol. 2017;23:107–12. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Mazur NI, Higgins D, Nunes MC, Melero JA, Langedijk AC, Horsley N, et al.; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) Foundation. The respiratory syncytial virus vaccine landscape: lessons from the graveyard and promising candidates. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:e295–311. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Collins PL, Hill MG, Camargo E, Grosfeld H, Chanock RM, Murphy BR. Production of infectious human respiratory syncytial virus from cloned cDNA confirms an essential role for the transcription elongation factor from the 5′ proximal open reading frame of the M2 mRNA in gene expression and provides a capability for vaccine development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92:11563–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
- Crowe JE Jr, Bui PT, Firestone CY, Connors M, Elkins WR, Chanock RM, et al. Live subgroup B respiratory syncytial virus vaccines that are attenuated, genetically stable, and immunogenic in rodents and nonhuman primates. J Infect Dis. 1996;173:829–39. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
2These last authors contributed equally to this article.
Page created: April 21, 2021
Page updated: May 18, 2021
Page reviewed: May 18, 2021
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.