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Volume 27, Number 7—July 2021
Research

Whole-Genome Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 4 Causing Outbreak of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Alberta, Canada

James D. KellnerComments to Author , Leah J. Ricketson, Walter H.B. Demczuk, Irene Martin, Gregory J. Tyrrell, Otto G. Vanderkooi, and Michael R. Mulvey
Author affiliations: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (J.D. Kellner, L.J. Ricketson, O.G. Vanderkooi); Alberta Health Services, Calgary Zone, Calgary (J.D. Kellner, O.G. Vanderkooi); National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (W.H.B. Demczuk, I. Martin, M.R. Mulvey); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta (G.J. Tyrrell); Alberta Precision Laboratories–Public Health, Edmonton (G.J. Tyrrell)

Main Article

Table 2

Results of multivariable logistic regressions of clinical and demographic factors associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 versus non–serotype 4 causing IPD, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2010–2018 (n = 967)*

Factors associated with serotype 4† Odds ratio (95% CI) p value
Male sex 2.1 (1.2–3.7) 0.007
Age ≥65 y 0.3 (0.1–0.7) 0.003
Homelessness 2.4 (1.4–4.1) 0.001
Illicit drug use 2.3 (1.4–3.8) 0.001
Alcohol abuse
 0.9 (0.5–1.5)
 0.698
Underlying condition an indication for pneumococcal vaccination (11)
No underlying condition increasing risk for IPD Referent Referent
Underlying condition, but immunocompetent 0.9 (0.6–1.5) 0.731
Underlying condition, immunocompromised
 0.3 (0.1–0.7)
 0.003
Primary diagnosis
Bacteremia or other invasive condition‡ Referent Referent
Pneumonia or empyema 3.6 (1.1–12.0) 0.034
Meningitis 2.8 (0.6–13.4) 0.202

*IPD, invasive pneumococcal disease. †Smoking status included in initial model but result was not significant and a large amount of data was missing, so it was removed from final model. ‡For example, pericarditis, peritonitis, abscess, endophthalmitis.

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