*Variables reference the 1-year period before sampling, with the exception of herd size, camel is a racing camel, and a priori variables: age, sex, and region. Because of the potential influence of maternal immunity, camels <6 m of age have been excluded from all variables except age. NR, not recorded. †Weighting adjusted. ‡Individual camel–level variables (all other variables being herd-level). §Nonracing adult males (>2 y), likely in the herd for breeding purposes. ¶Camels purchased are locally bred; Jordanian Ministry of Agriculture Camel Import Regulations and Conditions allow import only for live camels for direct slaughter. ^#In the 2014–2015 study, results for camels are borrowed for breeding purposes (male, female, or both) and camels are borrowed for breeding purposes (male) were the same (i.e., all herds that borrowed camels for breeding purposes borrowed males, and some of these herds also borrowed females. In the 2017–2018 study, the sex of camels borrowed or lent for breeding purposes was not recorded. **Open ad lib indicates irrigation reservoir or spring water sources were used; household only indicates water source was not shared between household and herd; trough only indicates only tanker, tap, or well sources were used. ††Closed herd indicates herd owners answered no to all of the following variables: borrowing, lending, purchasing, racing, and contact with local or distant herds (2017–2018 study only, missing data 2014–2015).