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Volume 27, Number 9—September 2021
Synopsis

Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Outcomes of Coccidioidomycosis, Utah, 2006–2015

Adrienne CareyComments to Author , Morgan E. Gorris, Tom Chiller, Brendan Jackson, Wei Beadles, and Brandon J. Webb
Author affiliations: University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (A. Carey); Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA (M. Gorris); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (T. Chiller, B. Jackson); Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City (W. Beadles); Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City (B. Webb); Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA (B. Webb)

Main Article

Figure 1

Flowchart showing process for inclusion of possible coccidioidomycosis studies in study of cases in Utah, 2006–2015. Confirmed cases had ≥1 of the following: 1) histopathological, cytopathological, or direct microscopic evidence of Coccidioides spherules with tissue damage from sterile specimen or tissue biopsy; 2) culture from any specimen or tissue biopsy positive for C. immitis or C. posadasii; 3) blood culture positive for C. immitis or C. posadasii; 4) positive Coccidioides serology in cerebrospinal fluid; or 5) two-dilution rise in Coccidioides CF titer measured in consecutive blood samples tested concurrently. Probable cases had a Coccidioides complement fixation titer >1:2 or positive IgM or IgG by EIA/ELISA or immunodiffusion in the setting of a compatible clinical syndrome and ≥1 of the following: 1) systemic infection with fever, chills, night sweats, weight loss; 2) cutaneous or musculoskeletal infection; 3) pulmonary involvement with nodules, cavitation, hilar lymphadenopathy; 4) meningitis; or 5) visceral infiltration. Definitions based on criteria set by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (10).

Figure 1. Flowchart showing process for inclusion of possible coccidioidomycosis studies in study of cases in Utah, 2006–2015. Confirmed cases had ≥1 of the following: 1) histopathological, cytopathological, or direct microscopic evidence of Coccidioides spherules with tissue damage from sterile specimen or tissue biopsy; 2) culture from any specimen or tissue biopsy positive for C. immitis or C. posadasii; 3) blood culture positive for C. immitis or C. posadasii; 4) positive Coccidioides serology in cerebrospinal fluid; or 5) two-dilution rise in Coccidioides CF titer measured in consecutive blood samples tested concurrently. Probable cases had a Coccidioides complement fixation titer >1:2 or positive IgM or IgG by EIA/ELISA or immunodiffusion in the setting of a compatible clinical syndrome and ≥1 of the following: 1) systemic infection with fever, chills, night sweats, weight loss; 2) cutaneous or musculoskeletal infection; 3) pulmonary involvement with nodules, cavitation, hilar lymphadenopathy; 4) meningitis; or 5) visceral infiltration. Definitions based on criteria set by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (10).

Main Article

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Page created: June 09, 2021
Page updated: August 17, 2021
Page reviewed: August 17, 2021
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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