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Volume 28, Number 11—November 2022
Research

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Exposure, Disease Susceptibility, and Clinical Outcomes during COVID-19 Pandemic in National Cohort of Adults, United States

McKaylee M. RobertsonComments to Author , Meghana G. Shamsunder, Ellen Brazier, Mekhala Mantravadi, Rebecca Zimba, Madhura S. Rane, Drew A. Westmoreland, Angela M. Parcesepe, Andrew R. Maroko, Sarah G. Kulkarni, Christian Grov, and Denis Nash
Author affiliations: Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, New York, New York, USA (M.M. Robertson, M.G. Shamsunder, E. Brazier, M. Mantravadi, R. Zimba, M.S. Rane, D.A. Westmoreland, A.M. Parcesepe, A.R. Maroko, S.G. Kulkarni, C. Grov, D. Nash); Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York (M.G. Shamsunder, R. Zimba, A.R. Maroko,, C. Grov, D. Nash); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Public Health and Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (A.M. Parcesepe)

Main Article

Table 4

Modification of the association between race/ethnicity and hospitalization by potential SARS-CoV-2 exposure, susceptibility, and healthcare access for Chasing COVID study participants (n = 6,053), United States, March 28‒April 20, 2020*

Variable White non-Hispanic
 Hispanic/Latino/a or Black non-Hispanic
 aOR (95% CI) within exposed strata,
Hispanic/Latino/a or Black non-Hispanic versus White
No. hospitalized/denominator (%) aOR (95% CI) No. hospitalized/denominator (%) aOR (95% CI)
Measure of potential exposure†
Less exposure risk 99/2,574 (3.85) Referent 63/1,144 (5.51) 1.10 (0.78‒1.55) 1.10 (0.78‒1.55)
More exposure risk 86/1272 (6.76) 1.57 (1.16‒2.15) 123/1,063 (11.57) 2.30 (1.69‒3.13) 1.46 (1.08‒1.97)
Less versus more within strata 1.57 (1.16‒2.15) 2.09 (1.51‒2.89)
p value p<0.01 p<0.001
RERI (95% CI): measure of interaction on the additive scale 0.63 (−0.01 to 1.26)
p value
 p = 0.05
Susceptibility‡
Less susceptible 119/2,922 (4.07) Referent 118/1,767 (6.68) 1.71 (1.30‒2.23) 1.71 (1.30‒2.23)
More susceptible 66/924 (7.14) 2.14 (1.55‒2.94) 68/440 (15.45) 4.60 (3.33‒6.36) 2.15 (1.49‒3.10)
More versus less within strata 2.14 (1.55‒2.94) 2.70 (1.95‒3.72)
p value p<0.001 p<0.001
RERI (95% CI): measure of interaction on the additive scale 1.75 (0.39‒3.11)
p value
 p = 0.001
Healthcare access§
Less barriers to access 78/2,416 (3.23) Referent 44/948 (4.64) 1.37 (0.93‒2.03) 1.37 (0.93‒2.03)
More barriers to access 107/1,430 (7.48) 2.23 (1.63‒3.04) 142/1,259 (11.28) 3.41 (2.47‒4.71) 1.53 (1.17‒2.01)
Less versus more within strata of race/ethnicity 2.23 (1.63‒3.04) 2.48 (1.74‒3.54)
p value p<0.001 p<0.001
RERI (95% CI): measure of interaction on the additive scale 0.81 (−0.06 to 1.69)
p value
 p = 0.07

*aOR, adjusted OR; Chasing COVID, Communities, Households, and SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology COVID Cohort Study; OR, odds ratio: RERI, relative excess risk caused by interaction. †Model adjusted for age, presence of children in the household, employment, income, race/ethnicity. ‡Model adjusted for employment, income, race/ethnicity. §Model adjusted for age, employment, sex, income, race/ethnicity.

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Page created: September 20, 2022
Page updated: October 21, 2022
Page reviewed: October 21, 2022
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