Volume 28, Number 11—November 2022
Research
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Exposure, Disease Susceptibility, and Clinical Outcomes during COVID-19 Pandemic in National Cohort of Adults, United States
McKaylee M. Robertson
, Meghana G. Shamsunder, Ellen Brazier, Mekhala Mantravadi, Rebecca Zimba, Madhura S. Rane, Drew A. Westmoreland, Angela M. Parcesepe, Andrew R. Maroko, Sarah G. Kulkarni, Christian Grov, and Denis Nash
, Meghana G. Shamsunder, Ellen Brazier, Mekhala Mantravadi, Rebecca Zimba, Madhura S. Rane, Drew A. Westmoreland, Angela M. Parcesepe, Andrew R. Maroko, Sarah G. Kulkarni, Christian Grov, and Denis Nash
Table 1
Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of communities, households, and SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology for Chasing COVID study participants, stratified by race and ethnicity, United States, March 28‒April 20, 2020*
| Variable | Total | Hispanic or Latino/a | Black non-Hispanic | Asian/Pacific Islander non-Hispanic | White non-Hispanic | Other non-Hispanic | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total |
6,740 (100.00) |
1,308 (19.41) |
899 (13.33) |
465 (6.90) |
3,846 (57.06) |
222 (3.30) |
|
| Age, y | <0.001 | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 40.61 (15.28) | 35.19 (13.33) | 35.31 (12.80) | 32.73 (11.95) | 44.64 (15.54) | 40.74 (14.06) | |
| Median (IQR) |
37 (29‒51) |
33 (25‒42) |
32 (26‒42) |
30 (24‒39) |
42 (32‒57) |
39 (29‒49) |
|
| Sex | <0.001 | ||||||
| M | 3,043 (45.15) | 568 (43.43) | 411 (45.72) | 195 (41.94) | 1,762 (45.81) | 107 (48.2) | |
| F | 3,526 (52.31) | 718 (54.89) | 468 (52.06) | 260 (55.91) | 1,983 (51.56) | 97 (43.69) | |
| Nonbinary |
171 (2.54) |
22 (1.68) |
20 (2.22) |
10 (2.15) |
101 (2.63) |
18 (8.11) |
|
| Education | <0.001 | ||||||
| <12th grade | 123 (1.82) | 34 (2.6) | 25 (2.78) | 9 (1.94) | 54 (1.4) | 1 (0.45) | |
| 12th grade/GED | 875 (12.98) | 282 (21.56) | 191 (21.25) | 36 (7.74) | 330 (8.58) | 36 (16.22) | |
| College, 1–3 y | 1,889 (28.03) | 436 (33.33) | 385 (42.83) | 100 (21.51) | 894 (23.24) | 74 (33.33) | |
| College, >4 y |
3,853 (57.17) |
556 (42.51) |
298 (33.15) |
320 (68.82) |
2,568 (66.77) |
111 (50.00) |
|
| Employment status | <0.001 | ||||||
| Employed | 4,247 (63.01) | 811 (62) | 587 (65.29) | 267 (57.42) | 2,443 (63.52) | 139 (62.61) | |
| Out of work | 830 (12.31) | 206 (15.75) | 131 (14.57) | 55 (11.83) | 402 (10.45) | 36 (16.22) | |
| Other |
1,663 (24.67) |
291 (22.25) |
181 (20.13) |
143 (30.75) |
1,001 (26.03) |
47 (21.17) |
|
| Income | <0.001 | ||||||
| <$35,000 | 1,969 (29.21) | 468 (35.78) | 415 (46.16) | 111 (23.87) | 878 (22.83) | 97 (43.69) | |
| $35,000‒$49,999 | 753 (11.17) | 180 (13.76) | 111 (12.35) | 39 (8.39) | 394 (10.24) | 29 (13.06) | |
| $50,000‒$69,999 | 959 (14.23) | 210 (16.06) | 148 (16.46) | 58 (12.47) | 520 (13.52) | 23 (10.36) | |
| $70,000‒$99,999 | 1,058 (15.70) | 179 (13.69) | 82 (9.12) | 88 (18.92) | 683 (17.76) | 26 (11.71) | |
| >$100,000 | 1,793 (26.60) | 228 (17.43) | 115 (12.79) | 142 (30.54) | 1,266 (32.92) | 42 (18.92) | |
| Do not know |
208 (3.09) |
43 (3.29) |
28 (3.11) |
27 (5.81) |
105 (2.73) |
5 (2.25) |
|
| Children <18 y of age | <0.001 | ||||||
| No | 4,564 (67.72) | 692 (52.91) | 534 (59.40) | 314 (67.53) | 2,879 (74.86) | 145 (65.32) | |
| Yes | 2,176 (32.28) | 616 (47.09) | 365 (40.60) | 151 (32.47) | 967 (25.14) | 77 (34.68) |
*Values are no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Chasing COVID, Communities, Households, and SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology COVID Cohort Study; GED, general educational development; IQR, interquartile range.
Page created: September 20, 2022
Page updated: October 21, 2022
Page reviewed: October 21, 2022
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