Volume 28, Number 11—November 2022
Research
Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Manifestations and Disease Severity in Children and Adolescents by Infecting Variant
, and Asuncion Mejias1
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of the clinical cohort in study of SARS-CoV-2 variants in children and adolescents, Columbus, Ohio, USA*
| Clinical cohort characteristics | All patients, n = 676 | Outpatients, n = 450 | Inpatients, n = 226 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age, y (IQR) |
8.98 (2.64–14.71) |
9.40 (3.90–14.23) |
6.55 (0.48–15.60) |
|
| Age group, y | ||||
| <1 | 102 (15.09) | 32 (7.11) | 70 (30.97) | <0.001 |
| 1–4 | 129 (19.08) | 96 (21.33) | 33 (14.60) | |
| 5–11 | 189 (27.96) | 157 (34.89) | 32 (14.16) | |
| 12–21 |
256 (37.87) |
165 (36.67) |
91 (40.27) |
|
| Sex | ||||
| M | 356 (52.66) | 230 (51.11) | 126 (55.75) | 0.25 |
| F |
320 (47.34) |
220 (48.49) |
100 (44.25) |
|
| Race/ethnicity | n = 587 | n = 365 | n = 222 | 0.36 |
| White | 349 (59.45) | 215 (58.90) | 134 (60.36) | |
| Black | 146 (24.87) | 92 (25.21) | 54 (24.32) | |
| Multiracial | 38 (6.47) | 26 (7.12) | 12 (5.41) | |
| Hispanic | 37 (6.30) | 25 (6.85) | 12 (5.41) | |
| Other |
17 (2.90) |
7 (1.92) |
10 (4.51) |
|
| Underlying conditions† | n = 538 | n = 312 | n = 226 | <0.001 |
| None | 288 (53.53) | 198 (63.46) | 90 (39.82) | |
| Yes | 250 (46.47) | 114 (36.54) | 136 (60.18) | |
| Obesity/overweight |
141 (26.21) |
68 (21.79) |
73 (32.30) |
|
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status | n = 565 | n = 361 | n = 204 | 0.62 |
| Received >1 dose | 17 (3.01) | 12 (3.32) | 5 (2.45) | |
| Not immunized |
548 (96.99) |
349 (96.68) |
199 (97.55) |
|
| SARS-COV-2 variant | ||||
| Nonvariant | 120 (17.75) | 88 (19.56) | 32 (14.16) | <0.001 |
| Alpha | 125 (18.49) | 98 (21.78) | 27 (11.95) | |
| Delta | 282 (41.72) | 189 (42.00) | 93 (41.15) | |
| Omicron | 111 (16.42) | 49 (10.89) | 62 (27.43) | |
| Other‡ | 38 (5.62) | 26 (5.78) | 12 (5.31) |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. Continuous variables were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Categorical data were analyzed by Fisher exact test or χ2 test. Bold indicates significance. IQR, interquartile range. †Underlying conditions included respiratory (asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis); cardiac (septal defects, valvopathies; dilated cardiomyopathy); endocrinologic (diabetes, dyslipidemia, panhypopituitarism, polyendocrinopathy); hematologic (sickle cell disease, spherocytosis, thalassemia, chronic idiopathy thrombocytopenia purpura); immunocompromised conditions (solid or hematopoietic organ transplantation, malignancies–leukemias, solid tumors, rheumatologic conditions receiving chronic immunosuppressive therapy, primary immunodeficiencies, HIV); neurologic and genetic conditions (cerebral palsy, autism, developmental delay); prematurity; renal/gastrointestinal conditions (Hirschsprung’s, duodenal atresia, short bowel syndrome, chronic kidney disease, intestinal bowel disease, nephrotic syndrome), and obesity/overweight. ‡Other variants: Gamma (n = 12); Epsilon (n = 3); Eta (n = 2); Beta (n = 1); Iota (n = 9); Mu (n = 2); variants under investigation, (n = 2); Zeta (n = 7).
1These authors contributed equally to and co-directed this work.