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Volume 28, Number 12—December 2022
Dispatch

Mass Mortality Caused by Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Sandwich Terns, the Netherlands, 2022

Jolianne M. Rijks1Comments to Author , Mardik F. Leopold1, Susanne Kühn, Ronald in ‘t Veld, Fred Schenk, Allix Brenninkmeijer, Sander J. Lilipaly, Mónika Z. Ballmann, Leon Kelder, Job W. de Jong, Wouter Courtens, Roy Slaterus, Erik Kleyheeg, Sandra Vreman, Marja J.L. Kik, Andrea Gröne, Ron A.M. Fouchier, Marc Engelsma, Mart C.M. de Jong, Thijs Kuiken, and Nancy Beerens
Author affiliations: Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (J.M. Rijks, M.J.L. Kik, A. Gröne); Wageningen Marine Research, Den Helder, the Netherlands (M.F. Leopold, S. Kühn); Staatsbosbeheer Zuid-Hollandse Delta, Numansdorp, the Netherlands (R. in ’t Veld); Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap, Wilhelminadorp, the Netherlands (F. Schenk); Province of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (A. Brenninkmeijer); Deltamilieu Projecten, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (S.J. Lilipaly, M.Z. Ballmann); Staatsbosbeheer Beheereenheid de Kop, Schoorl, the Netherlands (L. Kelder); Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, the Netherlands (J.W. de Jong); Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium (W. Courtens); Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (E. Kleyheeg, R. Slaterus); Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (S. Vreman, M. Engelsma,, N. Beerens); Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.M. Fouchier, T. Kuiken); Wageningen University and Research, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen, the Netherlands (M.C.M. de Jong)

Main Article

Figure 1

Location of Sandwich terns affected by locally acquired highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses and phylogeny of viral segments, the Netherlands. A) Location and size (number of breeding pairs) of the Sandwich tern breeding colonies and the origin (finding location) of the Sandwich terns from which virus sequences ST01–ST20 shown in the phylogenetic tree in panel B were obtained. B) Maximum-likelihood tree (1,000 bootstraps) of the concatenated viral segments showing the H5N1 viruses detected in Sandwich terns together with viruses from other wild birds. Bootstrap values >50 are indicated at the branches. Identification numbers and symbols of the Sandwich terns correspond to those in the map, and the date that the bird was found dead is indicated. The GISAID sequences used in the phylogenetic analysis are listed in Appendix 1 Table 2. ST, Sandwich tern.

Figure 1. Location of Sandwich terns affected by locally acquired highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses and phylogeny of viral segments, the Netherlands. A) Location and size (number of breeding pairs) of the Sandwich tern breeding colonies and the origin (finding location) of the Sandwich terns from which virus sequences ST01–ST20 shown in the phylogenetic tree in panel B were obtained. B) Maximum-likelihood tree (1,000 bootstraps) of the concatenated viral segments showing the H5N1 viruses detected in Sandwich terns together with viruses from other wild birds. Bootstrap values >50 are indicated at the branches. Identification numbers and symbols of the Sandwich terns correspond to those in the map, and the date that the bird was found dead is indicated. The GISAID sequences used in the phylogenetic analysis are listed in Appendix 1 Table 2. ST, Sandwich tern.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: October 21, 2022
Page updated: November 22, 2022
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