Volume 28, Supplement—December 2022
SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Clinical
Clinical and Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Agricultural Workers, Guatemala1
Daniel Olson
, Diva M. Calvimontes, Molly M. Lamb, Gerber Guzman, Edgar Barrios, Andrea Chacon, Neudy Rojop, Kareen Arias, Melissa Gomez, Guillermo A. Bolanos, Jose Monzon, Anna N. Chard, Chelsea Iwamoto, Lindsey M. Duca, Nga Vuong, Melissa Fineman, Kelsey Lesteberg, David Beckham, Mario L. Santiago, Kendra Quicke, Gregory Ebel, Emily Zielinski Gutierrez, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Frederick G. Hayden, Hani Mansour, Kathryn Edwards, Lee S. Newman, and Edwin J. Asturias
, Diva M. Calvimontes, Molly M. Lamb, Gerber Guzman, Edgar Barrios, Andrea Chacon, Neudy Rojop, Kareen Arias, Melissa Gomez, Guillermo A. Bolanos, Jose Monzon, Anna N. Chard, Chelsea Iwamoto, Lindsey M. Duca, Nga Vuong, Melissa Fineman, Kelsey Lesteberg, David Beckham, Mario L. Santiago, Kendra Quicke, Gregory Ebel, Emily Zielinski Gutierrez, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Frederick G. Hayden, Hani Mansour, Kathryn Edwards, Lee S. Newman, and Edwin J. Asturias
Table 1
Characteristics of 1,833 cohort participants in study of clinical and economic impact of COVID-19 in agricultural workers, Guatemala*
| Characteristic |
Value |
|---|---|
| Worker demographics | |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 30.9 (8.7) |
| Sex | |
| M | 1,541 (84.1) |
| F | 292 (15.9) |
| Latino ethnicity | 801 (43.7) |
| Indigenous | 113 (6.2) |
| Other | 3 (0.2) |
| Do not know |
916 (43.7) |
| Health worker | |
| Obesity, BMI >30 kg/m2, n = 1,159 with data | 131 (11.3) |
| Class 1, 30‒-<35 | 103 |
| Class 2, 35‒<40 | 24 |
| Class 3, >40 |
4 |
| Underlying conditions | |
| Kidney disease | 58 (3.2) |
| Blood disorder, e.g., sickle cell disease | 25 (1.4) |
| Cardiovascular disease, e.g., heart failure, CAD | 29 (1.6) |
| Diabetes | 27 (1.5) |
| Liver disease | 19 (1.0) |
| Asthma | 10 (0.6) |
| Pulmonary disease, e.g., COPD | 10 (0.6) |
| Neurologic disease, e.g., stroke |
10 (0.6) |
| Taking medications | 234 (12.8) |
| Received influenza vaccine |
108 (5.9) |
| Work conditions | |
| Type of work | |
| Administration | 60 (3.3) |
| Field worker | 1,264 (69.0) |
| Field manager | 77 (4.2) |
| Packer/plant worker | 413 (22.5) |
| Plant manager | 19 (1.0) |
| Duration of employment, y | |
| <2 | 1,115 (60.9) |
| 3‒4 | 242 (13.2) |
| >5 |
475 (25.9) |
| Monthly income, US$, median (IQR) |
337.2 (311.3‒389.1) |
| Household conditions | |
| No. adults in house, median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) |
| No. children in house, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) |
| Concern about food insecurity in last year | 1,063 (58.0) |
| Household monthly income, US$, median (IQR) |
363.2 (324.3–505.8) |
| US$ spent in the past 7 days, median (IQR) | |
| Meat, fish, and seafood | 25.9 (13.0–38.9) |
| Milk, eggs, and dairy products | 15.6 (9.7–25.9) |
| Greens, vegetables, and fruit | 13.0 (6.8–19.5) |
| Alcoholic drinks and tobacco | 0 (0–0) |
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, interquartile range; US $, US dollars.
1An abstract of this article was presented at the Virtual Meeting of the International Society for Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases, October 19‒21, 2021; and at the 70th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, National Harbor, Maryland, USA, November 17‒21, 2021.
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