Volume 28, Number 8—August 2022
Research
Increasing and More Commonly Refractory Mycobacterium avium Pulmonary Disease, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
, Sarah K. Brode, Mahtab Mehrabi, and Theodore K. Marras
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with Mycobacterium avium and M. xenopi pulmonary disease, Toronto, Ontario, Canada*
| Characteristic | Mycobacterium avium |
Mycobacterium xenopi |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early period, n = 82 |
Late period, n = 138 |
p value | Early period, n = 24 |
Late period, n = 8 |
p value | ||
| Median age, y (IQR) |
66.3 (59.5–72.7) |
68.8 (59.1–76.0) |
0.16 |
57.4 (47.4–72.5) |
61.7 (58.2–68.5) |
0.51 |
|
| Sex | |||||||
| F | 54 (65.9) | 82 (59.4) | 0.39 | 14 (58.3) | 5 (62.5) | Referent | |
| M |
28 (34.1) |
56 (40.6) |
10 (41.7) |
3 (37.5) |
|||
| Race | |||||||
| White | 57 (69.5) | 95 (68.8) | Referent† | 20 (83.3) | 8 (100) | 0.55† | |
| East Asian | 22 (26.8) | 28 (20.3) | 3 (12.5) | 0 | |||
| South Asian | 2 (2.4) | 12 (8.7) | 1 (4.2) | 0 | |||
| Black |
1 (1.2) |
3 (2.2) |
0 |
0 |
|||
| Smoking history | |||||||
| Never | 46 (56.1) | 72 (52.2) | 0.56† | 8 (33.3) | 1 (12.5) | 0.39† | |
| Prior | 26 (31.7) | 53 (38.4) | 12 (50.0) | 3 (37.5) | |||
| Current |
10 (12.2) |
13 (9.4) |
4 (16.7) |
4 (50.0) |
|||
| Median BMI, kg/m2 (IQR) |
21.1 (18.5–23.2) |
21.4 (19.1–24.3) |
0.40 |
21.3 (19.4–24.3) |
21.5 (20.7–25.2) |
0.35 |
|
| % Predicted FEV1 (IQR) |
64.0 (46.5–75.0) |
64.0 (46.3–79.8) |
0.88 |
64.0 (45.5–75.5) |
80.5 (43.0–95.0) |
0.32 |
|
| % Predicted FVC (IQR) |
80.0 (64.8–93.0) |
78.0 (65.3–94.0) |
0.98 |
83.0 (68.0–91.0) |
101.0 (87.3–109.0) |
0.03 |
|
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| COPD | 22 (26.8) | 46 (33.3) | 0.37 | 12 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | Referent | |
| Asthma | 13 (15.9) | 18 (13.0) | 0.56 | 5 (20.8) | 3 (37.5) | 0.38 | |
| Interstitial lung disease | 2 (2.4) | 6 (4.4) | 0.71 | 0 | 0 | NA | |
| Previous tuberculosis | 9 (11.0) | 11 (8.0) | 0.47 | 3 (12.5) | 0 | 0.55 | |
| Cystic fibrosis or PCD | 1 (1.2) | 3 (2.2) | Referent | 0 | 0 | NA | |
| Previous chest radiotherapy |
5 (6.1) | 14 (10.1) | 0.33 | 4 (16.7) | 0 | 0.55 | |
| Autoimmune disease | 14 (17.1) | 24 (17.4) | Referent | 0 | 0 | NA | |
| GERD | 16 (19.5) | 38 (27.5) | 0.20 | 6 (25.0) | 2 (25.0) | Referent | |
| Aspiration |
5 (6.1) |
8 (5.8) |
Referent |
2 (8.3) |
0 |
Referent |
|
| Medication use | |||||||
| Inhaled corticosteroids | 39 (47.6) | 50 (26.2) | 0.12 | 12 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | Referent | |
| Oral corticosteroids | 4 (4.9) | 9 (6.5) | 0.77 | 0 | 1 (12.5) | 0.25 | |
| Current or recent chemotherapy‡ |
1 (1.2) |
5 (3.6) |
0.42 |
1 (4.2) |
0 |
Referent |
|
| Housing§ | |||||||
| Detached single-family | 33 (40.2) | 52 (37.7) | 0.55 | 12 (50.0) | 5 (62.5) | 0.53 | |
| Attached single-family | 16 (19.5) | 22 (15.9) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (12.5) | |||
| Low-rise multi-family | 10 (12.2) | 12 (8.7) | 4 (16.7) | 0 | |||
| High-rise multi-family¶ | 23 (28.0) | 50 (36.2) | 7 (29.2) | 2 (25.0) | |||
*Values are no. (%) except as indicated. Bold indicates significance. BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; IQR, interquartile range; PCD, primary ciliary dyskinesia. †Fisher exact tests comparing White and non-White persons and persons who have ever smoked with persons who have not. ‡Recent chemotherapy was defined as within 2 years of treatment initiation. §Missing data for 2 M. avium patients in the late period. ¶Buildings with >5 stories were classified as high-rise.
1Current affiliation: Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.