Table 3

Volume 28, Number 9—September 2022

Costs of Tuberculosis at 3 Treatment Centers, Canada, 2010–2016

Jonathon R. Campbell, Placide Nsengiyumva, Leslie Y. Chiang, Frances Jamieson, Hadeel Khadawardi, Henry K.-H. Mah, Olivia Oxlade, Hayden Rasberry, Elizabeth Rea, Kamila Romanowski, Natasha F. Sabur, Beate Sander, Aashna Uppal, James C. Johnston, Kevin Schwartzman

, and Sarah K. Brode

Author affiliations: McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.R. Campbell, P. Nsengiyumva, O. Oxlade, A. Uppal, K. Schwartzman); Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (J.R. Campbell, P. Nsengiyumva, H. Rasberry, A. Uppal, K. Schwartzman); McGill International TB Centre, Montreal (J.R. Campbell, O. Oxlade, K. Schwartzman); British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (L.Y. Chiang, K. Romanowski, J.C. Johnston); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F. Jamieson, E. Rea, B. Sander, S.K. Brode); Public Health Ontario, Toronto (F. Jamieson, B. Sander); West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto (H. Khadawardi, H.K.-H. Mah, N.F. Sabur, S.K. Brode); Toronto Public Health, Toronto (E. Rea); University of British Columbia, Vancouver (K. Romanowski, J.C. Johnston); St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto (N.F. Sabur); University Health Network, Toronto (B. Sander, S.K. Brode); Montreal Chest Institute, Montreal (K. Schwartzman)

Main Article

Multivariable analysis of characteristics associated with increasing or decreasing costs of managing different forms of TB at 3 treatment centers, Canada, July 2010–June 2016*

Characteristic	Cost ratio (95% CI)
Characteristic	All patients, n = 313	TB infection, n = 90	DS TB, n = 90	INHR TB, n = 71	MDR TB, n = 62
TB type
DS TB	Referent	NA	NA	NA	NA
TB infection	0.09 (0.07–0.11)	NA	NA	NA	NA
INHR TB	1.7 (1.3–2.1)	NA	NA	NA	NA
MDR TB	8.1 (6.1–10.6)	NA	NA	NA	NA
Age group, y
<40	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
>40	0.97 (0.8–1.2)	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	0.9 (0.6–1.3)	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)
Sex
F	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent	Referent
M	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	0.99 (0.8–1.2)	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	1.01 (0.8–1.4)	0.98 (0.8–1.3)
HIV
HIV-negative or unknown	Referent	NA†	Referent	NA†	NA‡
HIV-positive	1.8 (0.6–5.4)	NA†	11.9 (2.7–52.0)	NA†	NA‡
Diabetes
No diabetes or unknown	NA‡	NA‡	NA‡	Referent	NA‡
Has diabetes	NA‡	NA‡	NA‡	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	NA‡
Adverse events causing drug stop
None	Referent	NA‡	Referent	Referent	NA‡
Because of >1 drug	1.4 (1.1–1.7)	NA‡	1.5 (1.03–2.0)	1.2 (0.9–1.7)	NA‡
Hospitalization
None or <2 mo	NA	NA	Referent	Referent	Referent
>2 mo	NA	NA	3.7 (1.9–7.4)	3.2 (2.1–4.7)	1.5 (1.1–2.0)
AFB smear
Negative or unknown	NA	NA	Referent	Referent	Referent
Positive	NA	NA	1.5 (0.98–2.2)	1.3 (0.9–1.7)	1.02 (0.8–1.3)
Cavities on chest radiograph
No or unknown	NA	NA	Referent	NA‡	Referent
Yes	NA	NA	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	NA‡	1.3 (0.96–1.8)
TB location
Pulmonary only	NA	NA	Referent	NA‡	NA‡
Extrapulmonary involvement	NA	NA	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	NA‡	NA‡
No. contacts
Per additional contact	NA	NA	1.05 (1.02–1.08)	1.02 (1.01–1.02)	1.01 (0.99–1.01)
Received DOT
No	NA	NA	NA‡	Referent	Referent
Yes	NA	NA	NA‡	2.0 (1.2–3.3)	0.8 (0.5–1.3)
TB infection regimen
Mono-rifampin	NA	Referent	NA	NA	NA
Isoniazid-containing	NA	1.3 (0.97–1.7)	NA	NA	NA
MDR TB resistance pattern
MDR TB	NA	NA	NA	NA	Referent
Fluoroquinolone-resistance, SLI resistance, or both	NA	NA	NA	NA	1.4 (1.02–2.0)

*AFB, acid-fast bacilli; DOT, directly observed therapy; DS, drug-susceptible; INHR, isoniazid-resistant; IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multidrug-resistant; NA, not applicable; SLI, second-line injectable; TB, tuberculosis. †No persons living with HIV in patient group. ‡Not retained in multivariable model because p>0.2 in univariable analysis.

Main Article

Page created: July 05, 2022

Page updated: August 19, 2022

Page reviewed: August 19, 2022

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