Volume 28, Number 9—September 2022
Research
Costs of Tuberculosis at 3 Treatment Centers, Canada, 2010–2016
Table 3
Multivariable analysis of characteristics associated with increasing or decreasing costs of managing different forms of TB at 3 treatment centers, Canada, July 2010–June 2016*
Characteristic | Cost ratio (95% CI) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients, n = 313 | TB infection, n = 90 | DS TB, n = 90 | INHR TB, n = 71 | MDR TB, n = 62 | |
TB type | |||||
DS TB | Referent | NA | NA | NA | NA |
TB infection | 0.09 (0.07–0.11) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
INHR TB | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
MDR TB |
8.1 (6.1–10.6) |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Age group, y | |||||
<40 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
>40 |
0.97 (0.8–1.2) |
1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
0.9 (0.6–1.3) |
1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
Sex | |||||
F | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
M |
0.9 (0.8–1.1) |
0.99 (0.8–1.2) |
0.8 (0.6–1.1) |
1.01 (0.8–1.4) |
0.98 (0.8–1.3) |
HIV | |||||
HIV-negative or unknown | Referent | NA† | Referent | NA† | NA‡ |
HIV-positive |
1.8 (0.6–5.4) |
NA† |
11.9 (2.7–52.0) |
NA† |
NA‡ |
Diabetes | |||||
No diabetes or unknown | NA‡ | NA‡ | NA‡ | Referent | NA‡ |
Has diabetes |
NA‡ |
NA‡ |
NA‡ |
1.4 (0.9–2.2) |
NA‡ |
Adverse events causing drug stop | |||||
None | Referent | NA‡ | Referent | Referent | NA‡ |
Because of >1 drug |
1.4 (1.1–1.7) |
NA‡ |
1.5 (1.03–2.0) |
1.2 (0.9–1.7) |
NA‡ |
Hospitalization | |||||
None or <2 mo | NA | NA | Referent | Referent | Referent |
>2 mo |
NA |
NA |
3.7 (1.9–7.4) |
3.2 (2.1–4.7) |
1.5 (1.1–2.0) |
AFB smear | |||||
Negative or unknown | NA | NA | Referent | Referent | Referent |
Positive |
NA |
NA |
1.5 (0.98–2.2) |
1.3 (0.9–1.7) |
1.02 (0.8–1.3) |
Cavities on chest radiograph | |||||
No or unknown | NA | NA | Referent | NA‡ | Referent |
Yes |
NA |
NA |
1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
NA‡ |
1.3 (0.96–1.8) |
TB location | |||||
Pulmonary only | NA | NA | Referent | NA‡ | NA‡ |
Extrapulmonary involvement |
NA |
NA |
0.7 (0.5–1.1) |
NA‡ |
NA‡ |
No. contacts | |||||
Per additional contact |
NA |
NA |
1.05 (1.02–1.08) |
1.02 (1.01–1.02) |
1.01 (0.99–1.01) |
Received DOT | |||||
No | NA | NA | NA‡ | Referent | Referent |
Yes |
NA |
NA |
NA‡ |
2.0 (1.2–3.3) |
0.8 (0.5–1.3) |
TB infection regimen | |||||
Mono-rifampin | NA | Referent | NA | NA | NA |
Isoniazid-containing |
NA |
1.3 (0.97–1.7) |
NA |
NA |
NA |
MDR TB resistance pattern | |||||
MDR TB | NA | NA | NA | NA | Referent |
Fluoroquinolone-resistance, SLI resistance, or both | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.4 (1.02–2.0) |
*AFB, acid-fast bacilli; DOT, directly observed therapy; DS, drug-susceptible; INHR, isoniazid-resistant; IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multidrug-resistant; NA, not applicable; SLI, second-line injectable; TB, tuberculosis. †No persons living with HIV in patient group. ‡Not retained in multivariable model because p>0.2 in univariable analysis.